The role of epitope spreading in the pathology of relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (R-EAE) was examined. Using peripherally induced immunologic tolerance as a probe to analyze the neuropathologic T cell repertoire, we show that the majority of the immunopathologic reactivity during the acute phase of R-EAE in SJL/J mice induced by active immunization with the intact...

We investigated the feasibility and effectiveness of implementing a novel, story-based computerassisted language learning (CALL) system for students learning Japanese kanji characters. In contrast to traditional kanji instruction methods, which rely most heavily on rote learning, our story-based CALL system focuses on mnemonic stories (following Heisig, 1986) and allows the user to create and m...

OBJECTIVE To describe different approaches to promote adverse drug reaction reporting among health care professionals, determining their cost-effectiveness. METHODS We analyzed and compared several approaches taken by the Northern Pharmacovigilance Centre (Portugal) to promote adverse drug reaction reporting. Approaches were compared regarding the number and relevance of adverse drug reaction...

PU.1, an Ets family transcription factor, was previously demonstrated expressed in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and had an negative effect on adiopogenesis. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, miR-191 was identified as an inhibitor of adipocyte differentiation through targeting the 3' untranslated regions of C/EBPβ, the initial factor in the C/EBPα/β-PPARγ terminal pathway of adipo...

A-B testing, 345, 407 abandonment, 16, 28, 43, 44, 70, 71, 254, 265, 329, 346, 353, 354, 382, 411 actionable insights, 16, 86, 113, 225 active learning, 233 active search, 99 activity attribution, 274, 275, 276, 302, 378 adaptive indexing, 75 adaptive thesaurus, 75 advanced operators, 79, 164, 165, 240 affective computing, 176, 184 affective feedback, 10, 71, 177, 185, 191, 317 affective models...

The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate the video on demand learning system. This study integrated the thematic instructional strategy into interactive video-based instruction based on the cognitive theory of multimedia learning and investigated the participant’s reflection and learning performance through post-test, IMMS and the experimental teaching activities. Under the self-co...

S oon after their discovery in 1993, it became clear that microRNAs (miRs) regulate virtually all cellular processes. 1 Since then, many miRs have been described to coordinate gene expression programs in the context of cardiovascular disease, including diabetes mellitus. 2,3 MiRs usually perform their duties intracellularly, but interest in extracellular miRs as biomarkers or intercellular mess...

According  to  a  basic  prediction  made  by  the  Revised  Hierarchical  Model  (RHM),  at  early  stages  of language  acquisition,  strong  L2-L1  lexical  links  are  formed.  RHM  predicts  that  these  links  weaken with  increasing  proficiency,  although  they  do  not  disappear  even  at  higher  levels  of  language development. To test this prediction, two groups of highly proficie...