VOLUME XLII NUMBER 4 189 The opinions expressed in the Journal of Clinical Orthodontics are those of the writers and do not necessarily reflect the opinions and policies of JCO. Copyright © 2008 JCO, Inc. JCO (USPS 802-120, ISSN 0022-3875) is published monthly for $210 per year (U.S. individual rate) by JCO, Inc., 1828 Pearl St., Boulder, CO 80302-5519. Periodicals postage paid at Boulder, CO, ...

T he purpose of this article is twofold: First, it will demonstrate the clinical application of precise control of t,he magnitude, direction, and duration of extraoral force and, second, cases will be presented to demonstrate how control of these three mechanical variables dramatically increases the efficiency and effectiveness of extraoral force in the treatment of malocclusion. The subject wi...

BACKGROUND Fixed-appliance treatment is a major part of orthodontic treatment, but clinical evidence remains scarce. OBJECTIVES Objective of this systematic review was to investigate how the therapeutic effects and side-effects of brackets used during the fixed-appliance orthodontic treatment are affected by their characteristics. SEARCH METHODS AND SELECTION CRITERIA: We searched MEDLINE and...

The purpose of this study was to compare the severity of apical root resorption occurring in patients treated with a standard edgewise and a straight-wire edgewise technique, and to assess the influence of known risk factors on root resorption incident to orthodontic treatment. The sample consisted of 80 patients with Angle Class II division 1 malocclusions, treated with extraction of at least ...

Background: Maxillary expansion is a routine procedure performed to correct narrow maxillary arch width and posterior cross-bite. We assume, as orthodontists, that our expansion will be stable long term, but is that assumption correct? Objective: To evaluate the long-term changes in maxillary dental arch widths in patients who were treated with rapid maxillary expansion (RME) appliances followe...