BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to modify the adrenal gland-sparing strategy based on retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy by reviewing the anatomic relationship between the kidney and the adrenal gland. METHODS From June 2010 to October 2012, a total of 68 patients (45 males and 23 females) with localized renal cell carcinoma were treated at our hospital. The study inc...

OBJECTIVES To establish a normal range for fetal adrenal gland length at 11-13 weeks' gestation and to investigate whether the length is altered in fetal trisomy 18. METHODS Fetal adrenal gland length was measured by three-dimensional ultrasound in fetuses at low risk of aneuploidies (n = 400) and another group at high risk, including 380 euploid fetuses and 41 with trisomy 18. The data of th...

hydatid disease is caused by echinococcus granulosus and is endemic in many parts of the world, including iran. this parasitic tapeworm can produce cysts in almost every organ of the body, with the liver and lung being the most frequently targeted organs. however, the cyst tends to appear in different and sometimes unusual body sites in various geographical areas of the world. this review provi...

Adrenal collision tumors (ACTs), in which distinct tumors coexist without histological intermingling in the same adrenal gland, are rare and their actual prevalence is unknown. ACTs commonly consist of adrenal cortical adenoma, myelolipoma, or metastatic malignant tumor. We report a 58-year-old woman with a past history of breast cancer, who presented with a 1 month history of fevers, chills, a...

The clinicopathologic features of thyroglossal duct cyst when it develops ectopically in the thyroid gland remain unclear because its rarity, which makes diagnosis difficult. Clinical and treatment should not disregard possibility cysts located gland. We here report current case to prepare others provide data for this kind disease.

Primary adrenal gland lymphoma is an uncommon diagnosis. Even among the small group of reported cases, most cases are diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Primary Hodgkin lymphoma of the adrenal gland has only been described once previously in the English literature. We describe the second case of primary adrenal gland Hodgkin lymphoma and review pertinent literature.

objective: in the present study, we examined the effects of memantine administration within the nucleus accumbens on the alterations in brain and adrenal volumes and weight ratios induced by stress from electric foot shock. methods: a group of mice received various doses of memantine (0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg) prior to induction of stress. another group underwent intra-accumbal cannulation after an...

Glial cysts of the pineal gland are benign and mostly asymptomatic incidental lesions found in the brain MRI or at autopsy examinations. In rare cases pineal cysts become symptomatic and require surgical intervention. Symptomatic glial cysts may be clinically and radiologically indistinguishable from cystic neoplasms of the pineal region; therefore, histopathological diagnosis is critical for f...

We assessed the usefulness and reliability of computed tomography (CT scan) in evaluating adrenal hyperplasia in 38 patients, including 14 with Cushing's disease, 17 with idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA), and 7 with the adrenogenital syndrome (AGS). Eighty-two normal subjects were also examined. We analyzed the shape of the adrenal gland and quantitated its thickness, width and length. Visua...