The atomic force microscope (AFM) has become an essential tool for the measurement of surface characteristics of diverse materials on a microand nanoscale level [1]. The resolution of measurements for the AFM cantilever is related to its vibration sensitivity. Many researchers have much interest in studying the resonant frequency and sensitivity analysis of AFM cantilevers [2 4]. Cracks may be ...

We measure the infrared spectra of polyethylene nanostructures of height 15 nm using atomic force microscope infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR), which is about an order of magnitude improvement over state of the art. In AFM-IR, infrared light incident upon a sample induces photothermal expansion, which is measured by an AFM tip. The thermomechanical response of the sample-tip-cantilever system resu...

Oligonucleotide microarrays are considered today to be one of the most efficient methods of gene diagnostics. The capability of atomic force microscopy (AFM) to characterize the three-dimensional morphology of single molecules on a surface allows one to use it as an effective tool for the 3D analysis of a microarray for the detection of nucleic acids. The high resolution of AFM offers ways to d...

background: aflatoxin m 1 (afm 1 ) is the metabolite of aflatoxin b1 (afb 1 ) and is found in milk when lactating animals are fed with contaminated feedstuff.  the presence of afm 1 in milk, pose a major risk for humans especially kids as it can have immunosuppressive, mutagenic, teratogenic and carcinogenic effects. the present study is aimed to investigate the oc­currence of afm 1 in subsidiz...

In order to develop a new structure microwave probe, the fabrication of AFM probe on the GaAs wafer was studied. A waveguide was introduced by evaporating Au film on the top and bottom surfaces of the GaAs AFM probe. A tip having 7 μm high, 2.0 aspect ratio was formed. The dimensions of the cantilever are 250×30×15 μm. The open structure of the waveguide at the tip of the probe was obtained by ...

The wear of atomic force microscope (AFM) tips is a critical issue in the performance of probe-based metrology and nanomanufacturing processes. In this work, diamond-like carbon (DLC) was coated on Si AFM tips using a plasma ion implantation and deposition process. The mechanical integrity of these DLC-coated tips was compared to that of uncoated silicon tips through systematic nanoscale wear t...

Although significant progress has been achieved in understanding the genetic and biochemical bases of the spore germination process, the structural basis for breaking the dormant spore state remains poorly understood. We have used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to probe the high-resolution structural dynamics of single Bacillus atrophaeus spores germinating under native conditions. Here, we show...

This paper presents a feature point tracking algorithm using optical flow under the non-prior training active feature model (NPTAFM) framework. The proposed algorithm mainly focuses on analysis of deformable objects, and provides real-time, robust tracking. The proposed object tracking procedure can be divided into two steps: (i) optical flow-based tracking of feature points and (ii) NPT-AFM fo...

6 Local flow variation (LFV) method of nonlinear time series analysis is applied to 7 develop a chaotic motion based atomic force microscope (AFM). The method is 8 validated by analyzing time series from a simple numerical model of a tapping mode 9 AFM. For both calibration and measurement procedures the simulated motions of 10 the AFM are nominally chaotic. However, the distance between a tip ...

For surface analysis of biological molecules, atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an appealing technique combining data acquisition under physiological conditions, for example buffer solution, room temperature and ambient pressure, and high resolution. However, a key feature of life, dynamics, could not be assessed until recently because of the slowness of conventional AFM setups. Thus, for observ...