A distinguishing feature of the period preceding the 2007/08 financial crisis was the sizeable increase in private sector debt observed across many countries. A key component of household liabilities is mortgage debt and with many countries experiencing persistent increases in house prices from the mid-1990s onwards, a marked increase in this aspect of household leverage was observed. While agg...

This paper examines downward nominal wage rigidity in Korea using aggregate and individual-level data. We find that the degree of downward nominal wage rigidity differs depending on the data sources used. Results from the aggregate data indicate that, on average, wages have been flexible. By contrast, evidence from the micro data suggests that nominal wages are downwardly rigid most of the time...

Schott et al. (2007) have shown that the “tragedy of the commons” can be overcome when individuals share their output equally in groups of optimal size and there is no communication. The assignment to groups as either strangers or partners does not significantly affect this outcome. In this paper we investigate whether communication changes these results. Communication reduces shirking, increas...

In project management, many decisions are made based on multiple attributes (dimensions) of project data. However, these dimensions are usually condensed into one or two indicators in the analysis process. For example, projects are commonly prioritized using a scoring approach: they are evaluated according to predefined categories, which are then aggregated into one or two priority numbers. We ...

Leisure-inclusive welfare indices, such as the real wage index, have been previously investigated only with aggregate data. Using micro data, however, these indices show the effects of increasing labor market employment of household members. Real wage, expenditure, and nonlabor income indices are compared across six types of husband/wife households. These indices are also compared to ad hoc rea...

In this paper, we discuss a technique for discovering localized associations in segments of the data using clustering. Often the aggregate behavior of a data set may be very di erent from localized segments. In such cases, it is desirable to design algorithms which are e ective in discovering localized associations, because they expose a customer pattern which is more speci c than the aggregate...

Argument structures are commonly used to develop and present cases for safety, security and other properties. Such argument structures tend to grow excessively. To deal with this problem, appropriate methods of their assessment are required. Two objectives are of particular interest: (1) systematic and explicit assessment of the compelling power of an argument, and (2) communication of the resu...

Background: A systematic review (SR) is a sound methodology for collecting evidence on a research topic of interest and establishing the context of future research. Unlike ordinary or even expert literature reviews, SRs are systematic thus increasing the confidence in the findings from the previous published literature. SRs can be carried out by both experienced and novice researchers; however,...

Ratcliff, Van Zandt, and McKoon (1999, Psych. Rev.) claim that connectionist models fail to simulate many aspects of how individuals select one of two possible responses. Here, these claims are re-evaluated via computational and behavioral investigations of an extended version of the original numerosity judgment task. The results of the experiment indicate that some of the empirical effects tha...

In this paper, a version-difference spatial-temporal data model is proposed. The main research interest centers on spatial-temporal data storage and manipulation. This model uses the terms version and difference to represent spatial-temporal data at an instance and changes over time. In this model, we introduce a default version which focuses on data currency and always represent the current da...