We consider situations in which a group takes a collective decision by aggregating individual’s judgments on a set of criteria according to some agreed-upon decision functions. Assuming the criteria and the decision to be binary, we demonstrate that, except when the aggregation rule is dictatorial or the decision rule is particularly simple, such reason-based social choice must violate the Pare...

The purpose of this study is to describe the leadership role Madrasah Principal in improving teacher discipline at MAN 3 Tangerang. focus research why principal's Tangerang not optimal. In used descriptive qualitative whose state nature or natural environment location. found that implementation by head was marked several efforts, including; (a) protection school interests and goals, (b) group c...


 Library collaboration originally involved between 2 (two) libraries or more regardless of whether the used computer assistance telecommunications facilities not. The research method in this study is a qualitative method. Qualitative type that aims to comprehensively understand phenomena experienced by object research, such as behavior, perceptions, motivations, actions, etc., through spe...

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect foreign ownership on transfer prices for pharmaceutical companies in Indonesian stock market. When a individual or entity owns majority company, they are referred as shareholders. Instead, Transfer pricing refers practices that mutually agreed upon between related parties. There is special relationship taxpayers when one taxpayer at least 25...

Effective communication in open environments relies on the ability of agents to reach a mutual understanding of the exchanged message by reconciling the vocabulary (ontology) used. Various approaches have considered how mutually acceptable mappings between corresponding concepts in the agents’ own ontologies may be determined dynamically through argumentation-based negotiation (such as Meaning-...

Consider the random walk among N places with N(N - 1)/2 transports. We attach an exponential random variable Xij to each transport between places Pi and Pj and take these random variables mutually independent. If transports are possible or impossible independently with probability p and 1-p, respectively, then we give a lower bound for the distribution function of the smallest path at point log...