Large literatures in economics and political science examine democracy’s impact on health, education, and other development indicators, but the political economy of electricity allocation has been ignored in previous work. Politicians determine electricity consumption patterns through state ownership and regulation (e.g. price subsidies). This study uses sectoral electricity consumption data fo...

The usage of social theories in the human-built environment caused to enhance life quality. It may consist of human needs in residential areas. Sometimes, building codes can help to exist accepted life space, but the building codes do not have basic theory such as actual open space in residential plots. The study was an attempt to represent a new approach in urban land subdivision and the relat...

the human population has been growing at least at the rate of 1.2% annually since 1960 reachingup to 6.4b in 2002 and more than 7.0b in 2012. in davao city, the annual population growth rate is running at 3.22%in year 1990, at 2.41% last 2007 and recently in 2013 at 2.36%. the alarming problem we confront today is thatthe increase in land area for human use does not expand in proportion to popu...

living in satisfying urban environments is important for an individual’s well-being. in order to create such environments, planners, designers, and policy makers need to understand the structures that cause residents to feel satisfied with their environments. this paper focuses on the perceived quality of urban residential environments: dwellings and neighborhoods. first, literature review was ...

ZONE OF TENSION Historically, landscapes graded from urban centers to scattered villages, to a diverse mosaic of farmlands and natural areas (Figure 1). This gradient allowed both a visual and physical transition while maintaining ecologic, economic, and social connections within the larger landscape. Conflicts between urban and rural residents were minimal, in part due to the limited interface...

Socially imposed monogamy in humans is an evolutionary puzzle because it requires costly punishment by those who impose the norm. Moreover, most societies were--and are--polygynous; yet many larger human societies transitioned from polygyny to socially imposed monogamy beginning with the advent of agriculture and larger residential groups. We use a simulation model to explore how interactions b...

abstract this study investigates the impact of housing and non- housing investment on the iran's gross domestic production (gdp) using quarterly data from 1370-1 to 1386-4. considering that iran has an open economy and that the net export plays an important role in gdp fluctuations, this research focuses on the difference between the effects of residential and non-residential investment in open...

Agriculture is critical for human welfare, providing food, employment, income, and assets. In the past, agricultural research and development largely focused on improving production, productivity, and profitability of agricultural enterprises. Nutrition and other benefits of agriculture were not always optimized, while the negative impacts on health, well-being, and the environment were often i...

Ecological civilization city is the advanced stage and senior form of development human residential area and has the characteristics of harmony, sustainability and high efficiency, etc. Ecological civilization construction of the city is the concrete practice of Marxism ecological civilization in the contemporary society, and helps to improve the quality of the urban residents' life, propel the...

In Thoreau's time, people were already planting trees to restore landscapes. Throughout this century, public and private organizations as well as countless landowners have worked to restore plant communities to sites that have been disturbed by natural disasters, and by human activities such as mining, road construction, clear cutting, and agriculture. Over the last 20 years, restoration ecolog...