Mixing has been one of the important parameters in characterizing and designing external air-lift bioreactors for the biological processes that require intensive mixing for mass transfer. In this study, pH tracer method was employed to characterize the mixing quality of a three-phase laboratory-scale external-loop air-lift bioreactor (EALR) used for cultivation of a pelletized filamentous funga...

Analysis of the aerodynamic forces acting on baseball pitches from major league games reveals a large variance in the measured coefficients of lift and drag. We have examined possible explanations for this effect and found that, while uncertainties introduced by measurement error and the method of reporting major league pitch trajectories do explain some of the spread, the reasons for the large...

Soaring raptors can fly at high altitudes of up to 9000 m. The behavioural adjustments to high-altitude flights are largely unknown. We studied thermalling flights of Himalayan vultures (Gyps himalayensis) from 50 to 6500 m above sea level, a twofold range of air densities. To create the necessary lift to support the same weight and maintain soaring flight in thin air birds might modify lift co...

In recent years the demand for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV's) has increased rapidly across many different industries and they are used for various applications. Such systems have the ability to enter dangerous or inaccessible environments and allow vital information to be collected without human risk. In order to carry out a task, a UAV has to face many different challenges. This has led to t...