The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in Ireland is required under section 75 of the Environmental Protection Agency Act, 1992 to specify and publish quality objectives in relation to any environmental medium which the Agency considers reasonable and desirable, for the purposes of environmental protection. Soil, air and water are generally seen as the three main environmental compartments t...

This study, to our knowledge, presents the first indoor data for a range of major air pollutants in school buildings in various locations in the State of Kuwait. Indoor air testing was performed within secondary schools over a 7-month period and sampling was conducted on a spot basis during normal school hours. As part of this program, samplers were deployed in student occupied classrooms at 46...

Major conclusions and recommendations of the National Commission on Air Quality on issues of health in the Clean Air Act are presented. The issues revolve mainly about the standard setting processes for ubiquitous pollutants, controlled through ambient air quality standards (Section 109), and for hazardous pollutants controlled through emission standards (Section 112). The conceptual difficulti...

Outdoor Air Quality OAQ): The federal government has made great progress towards cleaning outdoor air since 1970 via the Clean Air Act (CAA) and its additional amendments signed into law in 1990. This Act resulted in a significant 70% reduction of aggregate emissions of six representative indicators of common pollutants between the years of 1970 to 2014! Thusly, the CAA laws define the EPA’s re...

Indoor air pollution is an increasing health concern, especially in enclosed environments such as underground subway stations because of increased global usage by urban populations. This study measured the indoor air quality of underground platforms at 10 metro stations of the Taipei Rapid Transit system (TRTS) in Taiwan, including humidity, temperature, carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO...

Most firms in the U.S. are simultaneously regulated by multiple regulatory agencies. These agencies rarely, if ever, consider how their actions to promote compliance with their own standards might affect firms’ inputs into compliance with standards of other agencies. This paper investigates whether and why such regulatory spillovers occur by analyzing how firms trade off regulatory demands. Hei...

As s‌tudents spend one-third of their time at school, their health, comfort, and productivity are mos‌tly influenced by thermal condition and indoor air quality of classrooms. Regarding that manual window-opening is a common way for providing fresh air in classes and s‌tudents aren't allowed to change their uniform, position or control the windows during the lesson hours, providing thermal comf...