We develop a lung ventilation model based on a continuum poroelastic representation of lung parenchyma that is strongly coupled to a pipe network representation of the airway tree. The continuous system of equations is discretized using a low-order stabilised finite element method. The framework is applied to a realistic lung anatomical model derived from computed tomography data and an artific...

Increases in bone-marrow (BM) inflammatory cell progenitors are associated with allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in asthmatics and dogs. Here, for the first time, we compare the time course of airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation, and marrow progenitor responses in a mouse model of airway allergen challenge. Sensitized BALB/c mice were studied at 2, 12, 24, 48, a...

A three-element, pressure- and state (sleep and wake) -dependent contraction model of the genioglossal muscle was developed based on the microstructure of skeletal muscle and the cross-bridge theory. This model establishes a direct connection between the contractile forces generated in muscle fibers and the measured electromyogram signals during various upper airway conditions. This effectively...

During the preclinical study of new therapeutic modality, we evaluate whether the treatment can reverse the established asthma phenotypes in animal model. However, few have reported on the long term persistence of asthma phenotypes upon re-challenge with allergen (secondary challenge) in animal model. We evaluated the persistence of asthma phenotypes by secondary challenge at different times in...

Recent studies have shown that mechanical forces on airway epithelial cells can induce upregulation of genes involved in airway remodeling in diseases such as asthma. However, the relevance of these responses to airway wall remodeling is still unclear since 1). mechanotransduction is highly dependent on environment (e.g., matrix and other cell types) and 2). inflammatory mediators, which strong...

We do not yet have a good quantitative understanding of how the force-velocity properties of airway smooth muscle interact with the opposing loads of parenchymal tethering and airway wall stiffness to produce the dynamics of bronchoconstriction. We therefore developed a two-dimensional computational model of a dynamically narrowing airway embedded in uniformly elastic lung parenchyma and compar...

macintosh direct laryngoscope has been the most widely used device for tracheal intubation. glidescope video laryngoscope (gvl) has been recently introduced as an alternative device for performing intubation; however, its validity in emergency settings has not been thoroughly evaluated. the aim of this study was to compare macintosh direct laryngoscope versus gvl for emergency endotracheal intu...

introduction: laryngotracheal stenosis can be caused after traumatic injuries to the neck from the subglottic larynx to the trachea. patients with laryngotracheal stenosis often need a tracheotomy and occasionally may become tracheotomy dependent. different procedures have been described for the management of these lesions. management options include techniques of endoscopic dilation, laser res...

a twenty-year-old girl was referred with tracheal stenosis (ts) which was a consequence of prolonged intubation after head injury because of previous car accident. the patient was aphasic and had normal respiration. fiberoptic bronchoscopy showed complete tracheal obstruction at second tracheal ring level. distal trachea was normal through tracheostomy tube. removal of the tracheostomy tube and...

introduction:tapia’s syndrome is a rare complication of recurrent laryngeal and hypoglossal nerve paralysis due to anesthetic airway mismanagement or malpositioning of the patient’s head during surgery. case report:here we present a case of tapia's syndrome in a 22-year-old male after corrective jaw surgery under general anesthesia, with a long period of recovery, related to airway managem...