BACKGROUND Posterior vertebral column resection (PVCR) is an effective alternative for treating rigid and severe spinal deformities. Accurate placement of pedicle screws, especially apically, is crucial. As morphologic evaluations of thoracic pedicles have not provided objective criteria, we propose a thoracic pedicle classification for treating rigid and severe spinal deformities. METHODS A ...

Hir • Much is known of the cardiovas responses of normal man to le; but the available data on blood been obtained during relatively s Until recently, there has not b< factory method for continuously ing changes in thoracic aortic bloi man for significant periods of ti during, and after the changing caused by exercise: Thus, the actual alterations in aortic blood flow at the onset of exercise an...

PURPOSE This study evaluates the extent to which bilingual children produce the same or overlapping responses on tasks assessing semantic skills in each of their languages and whether classification analysis based on monolingual or conceptual scoring can accurately classify the semantic development of typically developing (TD) bilingual children. METHOD In Study 1, 55 TD children (ages 4;0 [y...

This paper analyzes the impact of biased beliefs on the structure of informational equilibria in classical self-selection models. Using the intuitive insurance market example of Rothschild-Stiglitz (1976) I show that biases of high-risk individuals have fundamentally different effects on equilibrium contracts than biases of low-risk individuals. Whereas equilibrium contracts of both groups are ...

Although the tobacco N gene, which confers resistance to Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), is transcriptionally induced by infection with TMV, the regulatory mechanism has not previously been elucidated. We found that a 5¢-flanking region of the N gene exhibits TMVinducible promoter activity and that the region from )290 to )271 includes a cis-acting element in response to infection. The activity req...

INTRODUCTION Suicide is one of the most prominent problems in health care system in current Iran. It could be impacted by various factors such as social, economic, individual and so on. Researchers show that socio-economic factors and suicide has significantly related. The people in low social class may more engage with social problems than higher social class. They may confront to problems suc...

Through joined two sensitive methods solvation and cloud point extraction separated and determined micro amount of Ce(III) from aqueous solutions by using organic reagent 2,4-Dimethyl pentan-3-one (2,4-DMP) as extractant and non-ionic surfactant 1% TritonX-100 , the experimental study shows the solvation species of Ce+3 extracted into cloud point layer (CPL) have a wavelength for maximum absorb...

The frontispiece shows the adaptable character of 2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluorocytidine (gemcitabine) nucleotide when incorporated into double helical structures (shown in magenta). Gemcitabine adopts a North type sugar conformation inserted B-form helix (in green), as that formed by pure DNA, or South an A-type blue), DNA : RNA hybrids. A chameleon skin picture background metaphorically illustrates ...

Using the oscillation frequencies of α Cen A recently discovered by Bouchy & Carrier (2001, 2002), the available astrometric, photometric and spectroscopic data, we tried to improve the calibration of the visual binary system α Cen. With the revisited masses of Pour-baix et al. (2002) we do not succeed to obtain a solution satisfying all the seismic observational constraints. Relaxing the const...

M embrane fusion is a fundamental process in neurotransmission, vesicle trafficking, and infection by enveloped viruses. Mutational studies of class I viral fusion proteins have shown that simply pulling the two membranes together is not sufficient (1–3) to catalyze fusion in a physiological context: in these systems, a specific activity of the membrane-inserted peptides is required for full fu...