one of the modern phenomena in human societies is having children from a rented womb in which the woman who is owner of the womb, bears sperm of another person in her womb and after spending pregnancy period, delivers the newborn child to the couple owning the gamete on based on presigned contract. there are a few statements in the juridical laws of many countries among them iran concerning thi...

the structure of family organization is recognized upon members’ relationship and their rights and duties. the distinction of paternal, maternal, child and couple roles cause distinction in rights and duties. therefore the rights and duties of roles are bilateral but deferent. two characteristics explain the power division in family: biological abilities and expenditure. man in his marital role...

The article shows that in Soviet society single motherhood existed a variety of forms. author claims mothers were contradictory figures, as the 1944 Family Law stated non-marital childbearing women officially supported by pro-natal state. Contemporaries usually did not make any difference between war widows with children, unmarried children from cohabitation men, and «real» mothers. According t...

High levels of violence against women and impunity in Guatemala have reached crisis proportions and have received increased international attention in recent years. The phenomenon of feminicide (e.g., killings of women in the context of state impunity), is widespread in Latin America and particularly acute in Guatemala. Many (if not the majority) are rooted in violence that becomes concentrated...