Alkaline-earth-metal ions accelerate the breaking of cellulose bonds and control distribution products in pyrolysis lignocellulose to biofuels chemicals. Here, activation via magnesium was measured over a range temperatures from 370 430 °C for 20–2000 ms compared with calcium, another naturally occurring alkaline earth metal materials. The experimental approach pulse-heated analysis solid/surfa...

We present here a critical review of several technologically important electrocatalytic systems operating in alkaline electrolytes. These include the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) occurring on catalysts containing Pt, Pd, Ir, Ru, or Ag, the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) occurring on Pt-containing catalysts, and the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) occurring on Ni-Co-Fe alloy catalysts. Ea...