We consider all-to-all routing problem in an optical ring network that uses the wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM). Since one-hop, all-to-all optical routing in a WDM optical ring of n nodes needs ! w (Cn; IA; 1) = d 1 2 b n 2 4 ce wavelengths which can be too large even for moderate values of n, we consider in this paper j-hop implementations of all-to-all routing in a WDM optical ring, j ...