Salicylic acid was applied topically to the skin of rabbits and humans in order to study the pharmacokinetics of percutaneous absorption, and the effects of formulation and application variables on the rate and extent of absorption. Drug samples incorporated into hydrophilic ointment (USP} and hydrophilic ointment containing 10% urea, were applied to the shaved abdominal areas of female New Zea...

Background: Calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate ointment has been successfully used in psoriasis vulgaris of active stage. However, the data of stationary stage was lack. Aims: To investigate the optimal regime of calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate ointment on psoriasis vulgaris of stationary stage. Methods: Patients were randomized into 3 groups, with calcipotriol/betamethasone ointme...

Most of the antibiotics were originally derived from micro-organisms while the chemotherapeutic agents are from plants. Herbal medicine refers to the use of any plant's seeds, berries, roots, leaves, bark, or flowers for medicinal purposes. Along with other dosage forms, herbal drugs are also formulated in the form of ointment. An ointment is a viscous semisolid preparation used topically on a ...

Nocebo effects can be acquired by verbal suggestion, but it is unknown whether they can be induced through observational learning and whether they are influenced by factors known to influence pain perception, such as pain anxiety or pain catastrophizing. Eighty-five female students (aged 22.5 ± 4.4 years) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions. Participants in the control condition (...

BACKGROUND Topical therapies are the mainstay of treatment for psoriasis vulgaris. The fixed combination of calcipotriol (Cal) 50 μg/g plus betamethasone 0.5 mg/g (as dipropionate; BD) is a first-line topical treatment and available as a gel or ointment. The use of these fixed combination products was compared in PRO-long, a long-term noninterventional study, for which interim results (4 and 12...

OBJECTIVE Long-term, safe and effective therapeutic options for managing the chronic relapsing nature of atopic dermatitis are essential for improving patient quality of life. To minimize the risks of continued topical corticosteroid usage and potentially reduce the incidence of flares, we tested the efficacy and safety of a rotational paradigm of initial brief application of topical corticoste...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of periocular allergic skin reactions to topical neomycin, polymyxin B, and dexamethasone (NPD) ophthalmic ointment. METHODS A consecutive patient prospective study was performed. A total of 522 patients who had a procedure involving incision of the periocular skin with subsequent postoperative application of NPD ophthalmic ointment we...

PURPOSE Published clinical trials support the use of 0.2 to 0.4 percent nitroglycerin ointment for the treatment of an anal fissure, although no product is yet available in the United States. In 2004, 84,000 prescriptions were written for compounded nitroglycerin ointment. This study was designed to evaluate the quality of extemporaneously compounded nitroglycerin ointment. METHODS Prescripti...