introduction: the aim of this study was to verify the effect of alternating 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (naocl) and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta) on the smear layer removal from root canal surfaces. methods and materials: a total of 15 single-rooted human teeth, instrumented with protaper files, were randomly distributed in 3 groups. in group 1 ( n =7) the canals were irrigated with 1...

Abstract: Due to the expansion of high voltage Alternating Current (AC) power transmission lines and cathodically protected buried pipelines, it is becoming more and more difficult to construct them with enough safe distances between them. Thus, the pipelines are frequently exposed to induced AC interferences, which result in perturbation of Cathodic Protection (CP) due to AC corrosion. To s...

Open problems submitted to the 2nd Canadian Discrete and Algorithmic Mathematics Conference will be held on May 25-28, 2009, at the Centre de recherches mathématiques in Montréal, Canada. put brief summary here Comments and questions of a technical nature about a particular problem should be sent to the correspondent for that problem. Please send other comments and information about partial or ...

We study the generating functions for pattern-restricted k-ary words of length n corresponding to the longest alternating subsequence statistic in which the pattern is any one of the six permutations of length three.

It is shown that for a set S of n pairwise disjoint axis-parallel line segments in the plane there is a simple alternating path of length Ω( √ n). This bound is best possible in the worst case. In the special case that the n pairwise disjoint axis-parallel line segments are protruded (that is, if the intersection point of the lines through every two nonparallel segments is not visible from both...

A branching bisimulation for probabilistic systems that is preserved under parallel composition has been defined recently for the alternating model. We show that besides being compositional, it is decidable in polynomial time and it preserves the properties expressible in probabilistic Computation Tree Logic (pCTL). In the ground-complete axiomatization, only a single axiom is added to the axio...

A simple mechanism for allocating indivisible resources is sequential allocation in which agents take turns to pick items. We focus on possible and necessary allocation problems, checking whether allocations of a given form occur in some or all mechanisms for several commonly used classes of sequential allocation mechanisms. In particular, we consider whether a given agent receives a given item...

We call a permutation parity alternating, if its entries assume even and odd integers alternately. Parity alternating permutations form a subgroup of the symmetric group. This paper deals with such permutations classified by two permutation statistics; the numbers of ascents and inversions. It turns out that they have a close relationship to signed Eulerian numbers. The approach is based on a s...

We say that a link L1 is an s-major of a link L2 if any diagram of L1 can be transformed into a diagram of L2 by changing some crossings and smoothing some crossings. This relation is a partial ordering on the set of all prime alternating links. We determine this partial order for all prime alternating knots and links with the crossing number less than or equal to six. The proofs are given by g...

We identify the class of Σ1–inductive sets studied by Moschovakis as a set theoretical generalization of the class (1, 3) of the Rabin-Mostowski index hierarchy of alternating automata on infinite trees. That is, we show that every tree language recognized by an alternating automaton of index (1, 3) is Σ1–inductive, and exhibit an automaton whose language is complete in this class w.r.t. contin...