Ammonium and potassium perchlorate are strong oxidants widely employed in the pyrotechnic compositions in fireworks. Although its reduction is thermodynamically highly favorable, the perchlorate anion’s reactivity is kinetically inhibited, primarily attributable to steric hindrance of access to the central chlorine atom within the tetrahedral ClO4 structure. This relative inactivity has histori...

Groundwater at the Crafton-Redlands site in Redlands, California is contaminated with perchlorate in addition to chlorinated volatile organic compounds (VOCs). VOCs are removed from extracted groundwater using granular activated carbon, which is ineffective for perchlorate removal. Side-by-side pilot-scale bioreactors for perchlorate removal from extracted groundwater were tested at the site. P...

A gas–solid-coupled sandwich combustion model was established for ammonium perchlorate (AP)/hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) composite propellant. Numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the influence of content AP and relative position coarse on flame structure burning rate The results indicated that overall mass fraction has a significant effect gas-phase temperature rate,...

A study was conducted to measure the variation in propellant properties for three consecutive batches of an identical formulation. A secondary study was performed to assess the effect of casting vacuum on propellant density, hardness, mechanical properties and burn rate. Only small differences in properties between batches were evident and most were assessed as being within the uncertainty of t...

In the title compound, C(6)H(5)Cl(3)N(+)·ClO(4) (-)·C(12)H(24)O(6), the perchlorate anion is disordered over two orientations in a 0.666 (17):0.334 (17) ratio. The ammonium group of the organic cation inserts into the crown ether ring and forms three bifurcated N-H⋯(O,O) hydrogen bonds to generate a supra-molecular complex. The macrocycle has approximate D(3d) local symmetry.

Reactivity is of great importance for metal nanoparticles used as catalysts, biomaterials and advanced sensors, but seeking for high reactivity seems to be conflict with high chemical stability required for metal nanoparticles. There is a subtle balance between reactivity and stability. This could be reached for colloidal metal nanoparticles using organic capping reagents, whereas it is challen...