abstract in this paper, we modeled the climate of iran for future periods. each period is a 30-years period centered on a year. the range of periods is from 2000 (i.e., 1986-2015) to 2100 (i.e., 2086-2115). this was made using 2 general circulation models (echam4 and hadcm2) and 18 ipcc scenarios. magicc-scengen was used as a tool for downscaling gcm low resolution output data. result of hadcm2...

precipitation data is of utmost importance to carry out many hydro-meteorological studies. observed warming over several decades has been linked to changes in the large-scale hydrological cycle such as: increasing atmospheric water vapour content, changing precipitation patterns, intensity and extremes, reduced snow cover and widespread melting of ice, and changes in soil moisture and runoff. p...

The first global ocean reanalysis with focus on the Asian–Australian region was performed for the period October 1992 to June 2006. The 14-year experiment assimilated available observations of altimetric sea-level anomaly, satellite SST and quality-controlled in situ temperature and salinity profiles from a range of sources, including field surveys and the Argo float array. This study focuses o...

Persistent stratus/stratocumulus cloud decks in the southeast Pacific near the coasts of Peru and northern Chile play an important role in regional and global climate variability. Interannual variability of the upper ocean under stratus cloud decks in the southeast Pacific is investigated using ocean general circulation model (OGCM) experiments. The model was first forced with daily surface flu...

The behavior of the Mediterranean Water in the North Atlantic Ocean sector of a global ocean general circulation model is explored, starting from its entry point at the Strait of Gibraltar. The analysis focuses primarily on one experiment in which explicit watermass exchange between the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic at the Strait of Gibraltar is permitted. The model produces an exchange ra...

A simulation is conducted with a realistic ocean general circulation model to investigate the three dimensional spreading of a passive tracer prescribed at the sea surface with the same distribution as the interdecadal sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies observed in the North Pacific. The tracers reaching the equator have the same sign as the major oval-shaped SST anomaly pattern in the cen...

We analyze North Pacific GEOSECS (1970s) and WOCE (1990s) observations to examine potential decadal trends of the marine biological carbon pump. Nitrate concentrations ð1⁄2NO 3 Þ and apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) decreased significantly in intermediate waters (by 0.6 and 2:9 mmol kg ; respectively, at sy 1⁄4 27:4 kg m ; corresponding to E1050 m). In shallow waters (above roughly 750 m) 1⁄2N...

Water mass transformation in the North Atlantic is examined in an eddy-permitting simulation with the OCCAM ocean general circulation model, forced by realistic surface fluxes over the period 1985–2002. Three Atlantic regions are considered – the subtropics, mid-latitudes, the northeast Atlantic – along with the Labrador Sea. The oceanic boundaries of each region coincide with hydrographic sect...

The authors examine the key characteristics of the boreal winter extratropical circulation changes in response to anthropogenic aerosols, simulated with a coupled atmosphere–slab ocean general circulation model. The zonal-mean response features a pronounced equatorward shift of the Northern Hemisphere subtropical jet owing to the midlatitude aerosol cooling. The circulation changes also show st...

A number of large-scale sequestration strategies have been considered to help mitigate rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). Here, we use an ocean general circulation model (OGCM) to evaluate the efficiency of one such strategy currently receiving much attention, the direct injection of liquid CO2 into selected regions of the abyssal ocean. We find that currents typically transport...