Arsenic occurs naturally in the earth's crust and is widely distributed in the environment. Natural mineralization and activities of microorganisms enhance arsenic mobilization in the environment but human intervention has exacerbated arsenic contamination. Although arsenic is useful for industrial, agricultural, medicinal and other purposes, it exerts a toxic effect in a variety of organisms, ...

1. Background 2. Elements, Nuclides, and Stable Isotopes 3. The Mass Spectrometer and Isotope Ratio Measurement 4. Isotope Fractionation 5. Temperature and Fractionation 6. Stable Isotopes in the Hydrologic Cycle 7. O in Minerals and Rocks 8. C and Carbon Cycling 9. N Cycling in Watersheds 10.S and the Sulfur Cycle 11. Chlorine and Bromine Isotopes 12. Light Lithophile Elements: δLi and δB Glos...

Bacteria are remarkable in their metabolic diversity due to their ability to harvest energy from myriad oxidation and reduction reactions. In some cases, their metabolisms involve redox transformations of metal(loid)s, which lead to the precipitation, transformation, or dissolution of minerals. Microorganism/mineral interactions not only affect the geochemistry of modern environments, but may a...

The Method of Standard Additions or The Standard Addition Method, often referred to by its acronym as just SAM, is a proverbial workhorse in both inorganic and organic quantitative analytical chemistry and in related disciplines such as geochemistry. Its advantage in mitigating the effects of matrix interferences compared with the calibration curve approach is well known and is one of its major...

Geochemical data about Venus' surface materials are quite limited and of poor precision. The Venera and VEGA lander missions (sources of the available data) were engineering and scientific triumphs, but their chemical analyses of the Venus surface do not permit detailed confident interpretation, such as are routine for terrestrial analyses and MER APXS rover analyses from Mars. In particular, t...

Atmospheric total gaseous mercury (TGM) concentrations and wet and dry deposition of mercury at a high-altitude mountain peak in south China X. W. Fu, X. Feng, Z. Q. Dong, R. S. Yin, J. X. Wang, Z. R. Yang, and H. Zhang State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China Guizhou Environmental Science Research Institut...

Nguyen M. Tue1, Go Suzuki1, Agus Sudaryanto2, Tomohiko Isobe2, Shin Takahashi1, Tu B. Minh3, Pham T. K. Trang3, Pham H. Viet3, Gan Zhang4, Shinsuke Tanabe1 1Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan 2Senior Research Fellow Center, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan 3Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustai...

Mineralogical Association of Canada Short Course 41, Toronto, May 2009, p. 19-63 INTRODUCTION High precision and accuracy with in situ analysis has been a “holy grail” for generations of stable isotope geochemists who employed a range of strategies for separation of heterogeneous samples and for interpretation of data from mixed samples. However, in situ techniques have in the past suffered fro...