UNLABELLED BACKGROUND/METHODOLOGY: A significant implication of increasing urbanization is anthropogenic noise pollution. Although noise is strongly associated with disruption of animal communication systems and negative health effects for humans, the study of these consequences at ecologically relevant spatial and temporal scales (termed soundscape ecology) is in early stages of application. I...

originally, public health actions turned to the living conditions that prevented the development of countries in the process of increasing urbanization, especially protecting their workers and tackling economic losses. the actions were primarily directed to infectious diseases. today, the process of urbanization in most countries of the world is consolidated, and new health problems that affect...

BACKGROUND Various studies have reported a low prevalence of allergic rhinitis in farmers and farmers' children. We sought to investigate whether the protective effect of childhood farm environment is conserved throughout adulthood and how it corresponds to different degrees of urbanization. METHODS A questionnaire on respiratory health was mailed in 2008 to 30,000 randomly selected subjects ...

Changes in biodiversity owing to vegetation degradation resulting from widespread urbanization demands serious attention. However, the connection between vegetation degradation and urbanization appears to be complex and nonlinear, and deserves a series of long-term observations. On the basis of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the image’s digital number (DN) in nighttime st...

This chapter is concerned with the prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease (CHD) due to nutrition transition and increasing urbanization in developing countries in general and in India in particular. It briefly describes the present position of rural-urban migration during 1991 to 2001 in India with speci...

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common disease worldwide and a growing public health burden. The number of people with diabetes is increasing due to population growth, aging, urbanization, and increasing prevalence of obesity and physical inactivity. Diabetes is known to cause multiple medical, psychological, and sexual dysfunctions. Increased prevalence of diabetes will inevitably result in increa...

This paper finds and analyzes a formula for the total variation distance between iterations of riffle shuffles and iterations of “cut and then riffle shuffle”. This allows one to obtain information about the convergence rate of permutation statistics (such as the length of the longest increasing subsequence or position of a given card) under these processes. Similar results are given for affine...