Volatile anesthetics are one class of the most commonly used drugs. However, the mechanisms for these drugs to induce anesthesia are not fully understood and have been under intensive investigation. Two other effects of these anesthetics on the central nervous system, volatile anesthetics-induced neuroprotection and neurotoxicity, currently are hot research fields. Although data from animal stu...

background: lidocaine is a local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic agent. there are reports on accidental and intentional cases of poisoning following injection of lidocaine while rare are the fatal cases realized after oral ingestion of lidocaine. suicidal poisoning with lidocaine pharmaceutical formulations is rare since no pharmaceutical dosage forms for oral use are available except gels and sp...

natural rubber latex is the second most implicated agent in intraoperative anaphylactic reactions. this report describes a case of intraoperative anaphylaxis occurring in a non-atopic fourteen-year-old girl undergoing multiple surgical procedures, but without spina bifida, in which latex surgical gloves were the main culprit for the anaphylactic reactions. clinical manifestations of an anaphyla...

Volatile anesthetics have been the major anesthetics used clinically for more than 150 years. They provide all components of general anesthesia and are easy to be applied and monitored with modern equipment and technology. In addition to having anesthetic property, volatile anesthetics have multiple other effects. Many studies have clearly shown that volatile anesthetics can reduce systemic and...

The introduction of local anesthetics revolutionized the practice of dentistry. Prior to their introduction, general anesthesia was the only viable method of managing surgical pain. Among various local anesthetics available in India, lidocaine is most widely used. But lidocaine cannot provide 100% anesthesia, this leads to development of other anesthetics, one such is articaine. However, little...

General anesthetics produce a widespread neurodepression in the central nervous system by enhancing inhibitory neurotransmission and reducing excitatory neurotransmission. However, the action mechanisms of general anesthetics are not completely understood. Moreover, the general anesthetic state comprises multiple components (amnesia, unconsciousness, analgesia, and immobility), each of which is...

The effects of intravenous anesthetics on ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) have been investigated in both animals and clinical studies. The protective effects and the dosages of the intravenous anesthetics on IRI were discussed in this paper. The prevention of the tissue injury after the IRI was demonstrated with intravenous anesthetics in some studies. In the future, the studies should be foc...

Dexmedetomidine, an α2 adrenergic agonist, has been commonly used as off-label anesthetic adjuvant in various procedures and age groups. Lately, dexmedetomidine is increasingly preferred sedation for pediatric patients undergoing MRI, which requires the patient to remain still a deep without disturbing airway patency. Dexmedetomidine administration via intranasal or buccal route patients. does ...

The increasing prevalence of toxic substance-exposure in pets South Korea endangers the health and safety numerous companion animals, has become a cause for concern. Notably, annual incidence forensic analysis increased by more than 150% Korea, mainly populous regions such as Seoul, Incheon, Gyeonggi. In response to this growing issue, veterinary examinations were conducted on 549 dogs cats fro...