The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) was thought to be in charge of managing blood pressure and electrolytes. It has been established that angiotensin II is also responsible for controlling inflammation addition potassium levels. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), angiotensins (1–7), (1–9), other additional RAS components have identified, anti-angiotensin effects. Both receptor blockers (ARB...

background: stroke is the third leading cause of invalidism and death in industrialized countries. there are conflicting reports about the effects of angiotensin ii on ischemia-reperfusion brain injuries and most data have come from chronic hypertensive rats. in this study, hypotensive and non-hypotensive doses of candesartan were used to investigate the effects of angiotensin ii at1 receptor b...

The demonstration of all components of the renin-angiotensin system in vascular tissue has raised questions as to the precise location of the local angiotensin II generation within the vascular wall. We investigated the metabolism of angiotensin I to angiotensin II in the vascular wall in the isolated rabbit thoracic aorta. Angiotensin I (3 x 10(-9) M) applied into the aortic lumen was partiall...

The octapeptide hormone angiotensin II is one of the most studied peptides with aim designing and synthesizing non-peptide mimetics for oral administration. To achieve this, cyclizations at different positions within peptide molecule has been a useful strategy to define active conformation. These studies on led discovery Sarmesin, type antagonist, breakthrough mimetic Losartan, first in series ...

Background: Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is a syndrome consisting of typical symptoms and/or signs heart (HF) due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction (ejection ≤40%) caused by various underlying cardiac diseases. We report conventional and recently established pharmacologic nonpharmacologic treatments HFrEF in this review article.Current Concepts: So far, have been ...

We compared the effects of the converting enzyme inhibitor perindopril on components of the renin-angiotensin system in plasma and kidney of male Sprague-Dawley rats administered perindopril in their drinking water at two doses (1.4 and 4.2 mg/kg) over 7 days. Eight angiotensin peptides were measured in plasma and kidney: angiotensin-(1-7), angiotensin II, angiotensin-(1-9), angiotensin I, angi...

The renin-angiotensin system regulates cardiovascular physiology via angiotensin II engaging the angiotensin type 1 or type 2 receptors. Classic actions are type 1 receptor mediated, whereas the type 2 receptor may counteract type 1 receptor activity. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 metabolizes angiotensin II to angiotensin-(1-7) and angiotensin I to angiotensin-(1-9). Angiotensin-(1-7) antagon...

The aim of this study was to determine whether angiotensin receptor subtypes play a role in angiotensin clearance from plasma. Angiotensin metabolic clearance rate was measured in rats by the constant infusion method. Increasing doses of angiotensin II were infused for 15 minutes, and blood was sampled for angiotensin II. The type 1 angiotensin II receptor antagonist losartan decreased the appa...

Background: Hypertension during pregnancy period along with the presence of protein in the urine, after the 20th weeks of gestation is called preeclampsia (PE). About five percent of all pregnancies are manifested with PE and its exact etiology has still remained unknown. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has an important role in the regulation of blood pressure during pregnancy and so pathoph...

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Abbreviations: RAS, renin angiotensin system; IPF, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; HCV, hepatitis c virus; BPD, bronchopulmonary dysplasia; ECM, extracellular matrix; ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; ACE-2, angiotensin converting enzyme 2; Ang I, angiotensin I; Ang II, angiotensin II; Ang 1-7, angiotensin 1-7; AT1, angiotensin II receptor 1; AT2, ...