ACE inhibitors have achieved widespread usage in the treatment of cardiovascular and renal disease. ACE inhibitors alter the balance between the vasoconstrictive, salt-retentive, and hypertrophic properties of angiotensin II (Ang II) and the vasodilatory and natriuretic properties of bradykinin and alter the metabolism of a number of other vasoactive substances. ACE inhibitors differ in the che...

Combination therapy of hypertension with separate agents or a fixed-dose combination pill offers the potential to lower blood pressure more quickly, obtain target blood pressure, and decrease adverse effects. Antihypertensive agents from different classes may offset adverse reactions from each other, such as a diuretic decreasing edema occurring secondary to treatment with a calcium channel blo...

Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Chronic intermittent hypoxia is used to model the arterial hypoxemia seen in sleep apnea patients and is associated with increased sympathetic nerve activity and a sustained diurnal increase in blood pressure. The renin angiotensin system has been associated with hypertension seen in chronic intermittent hypoxia...

• Interest in particular biologically active substances waxes and wanes. Investigators rush into a newly opened field, solve a few problems, and frequently raise more; then they rush out to follow more promising developments elsewhere. However, interest in angiotensins generally has persisted and increased. Observation of the actions of angiotensins has led to the study of enzymes involved in t...

The purpose of this brief review is to separate the characteristic properties and side effects attributable to the pharmacology of the whole class of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors from those attributable to the chemical structure and kinetics of each particular ACE inhibitor. The former would be predictable and probably similar for all agents and, therefore, would be expected t...

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEI) are commonly used to prevent cardiac remodeling in patients with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI).

angiotensin converting enzyme (ace; omim: 106180) has an important role in the conversion of angiotensin i to angiotensin ii and degradation of bradykinin. genetic polymorphism i/d (rs4646994) in the gene encoding ace has been well defined. to get more insight into the genetic structure of iranian populations, the distribution of the ace i/d polymorphism among iranians was compared with each ot...