Background: Diabetic nephropathy is considered to be the most common cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD). Proteinuria is declared as the most marked risk factor in progression towards ESRD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of pentoxifylline for reduction of proteinuria in type II diabetic patients. Methods: From May 2007 to June 2008, this randomized clinical trial study w...

The paper presents the theoretical considerations on role of endocrine and metabolic alterations accompanying COVID-19 infection. These may be presumed basis following two observations. Firstly, virus SARS-CoV-2 responsible for infection uses an important renin–angiotensin system (RAS) element — angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a receptor protein entry into target cells and, in consequ...

the mechanisms of drug dependence and rewarding properties of opiates are not exactly known and several neurotransmitters seem to be involved. it is possible that the rennin-angiotensin system could interact with the opioid system, since it has been shown that angiotensin ii(ang) and ace inhibitors have analgesic, anticonvulsant and antidepression effects and in some cases they could antagonize...

background: the renin-angiotensin system has an important role in hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. renin-angiotensin system blockade by angiotensinconverting enzyme (ace) inhibitors provides some protective effects against hepatic fibrogenesis. captopril as an ace inhibitor can decrease inflammatory mediators and attenuate hepatic fibrosis in the livers of bile duct ligated (bdl) rats. object...

The initial view of the renin-angiotensin system focused on the role of angiotensin II as a hormone involved in blood pressure control, based on its role in renal salt and water regulation, as well as central nervous system (thirst) and vascular smooth muscle tone. Subsequent data showed a role for angiotensin II in long-term effects on cardiovascular structure, including cardiac hypertrophy an...

Background and objectives: Resveratrol(3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a natural polyphenole phytoalexin which exerts potential cardioprotective effects, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for these effects are still unknown. Cardiac renin angiotensin system (RAS) over-activation plays an important role in pathogenesis of left ventricula...

NCI-H295, a human adrenocarcinoma cell line, has been proposed as a model system to define the role of the renin-angiotensin system in the regulation of aldosterone production in humans. Because the precise cellular localization of the components of the renin-angiotensin system in human adrenal cortical cells remains unclear, we investigated their localization in this defined cell system. NCI-H...

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is associated with endothelial dysfunction. Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is believed to be important in the deterioration of endothelial dysfunction in CHF through stimulation of oxidative stress. Whereas angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I) improve endothelial function in CHF, the effects of angiotensin II AT 1-receptor b...