I F we would know how genetic knowledge is changing animal breeding practices or is likely soon to change them, we can probably get our best clues by asking what the animal breeders are studying now. Predictions made on this basis will not be wholly accurate, of course. The "endless frontier" nature of science precludes high accuracy in any method of predicting the future, especially the distan...

Introduction During the last few years a growing number of European kennel clubs have made an increasing number of rules and regulations for dog breeding, mainly concerning hip dysplasia (HD), elbow dysplasia (ED) and diagnoses based on DNA tests. However, despite the good intentions for improving health through strict regulations, the results can often be harmful to many breeds. Too heavy rest...