We present the results of a series of computer simulations on the joint motion of two kinks in the elementary cellular automaton Rule 18. These show a remarkably close approximation to the case of independent annihilating random walks except at close range interaction where combinatorial conditions impose an asymmetry on the dynamics. Attempts to analyze the underlying state transition graph ar...

Let $R$ be a commutative ring with identity and $I$ proper ideal of $R$. In this paper we introduce the ideal-based quasi zero divisor graph $Q\Gamma_{I}(R)$ respect to which is an undirected vertex set $V=\{a\in R\backslash\sqrt{I}:$ $ab\in I$ for some $b\in R\backslash\sqrt{I}\}$ two distinct vertices $a$ $b$ are adjacent if only I$. We study basic properties such as diameter, girth, dominato...

For P a poset or lattice, let Id(P ) denote the poset, respectively, lattice, of upward directed downsets in P, including the empty set, and let id(P ) = Id(P )−{∅}. This note obtains various results to the effect that Id(P ) is always, and id(P ) often, “essentially larger” than P. In the first vein, we find that a poset P admits no <-respecting map (and so in particular, no one-to-one isotone...

Let R be a commutative ring with unity, M unitary R-module and G finite abelian group (viewed as \({\mathbb {Z}}\)-module). The main objective of this paper is to study properties mod-annihilators M. For \(x \in M\), we the ideals \([x : M] =\{r\in ~|~ rM\subseteq Rx\}\) corresponding mod-annihilator We investigate when [x an essential ideal R. prove that arbitrary intersection represented by i...

We propose a efficient method to calculate “the minimal annihilating polynomials” for all the unit vectors, of square matrix over the integers or the rational numbers. The minimal annihilating polynomials are useful for improvement of efficiency in wide variety of algorithms in exact linear algebra. We propose a efficient algorithm for calculating the minimal annihilating polynomials for all th...

We introduce a graph structure \(\Gamma^{\ast}_2(R)\) for commutative rings with unity. study some of the properties \(\Gamma^{\ast}_2(R)\). Also we parameters and find which is split.