. Abstract: In an oligotrophic coastal zone, land drainage and atmospheric precipitation can temporarily modify the concentrations of specific dissolved compounds in local surface waters, mainly nutrient salts, setting up conditions for "new" primary production of phytoplankton. The Ubatuba region (23°30'S 45°06'W) is considered an oligo-mesotrophic region subject to a high average annual preci...

In [1], some input data required to calculate the long-term rain attenuation probability distributions for two sites (namely, Canberra and New Norcia) were mistaken. They were the long-term rain rate probability distribution and the precipitation height, both given by the ITU-R. For Canberra, the correct precipitation height (given by the ITU-R) is 3.688 km, instead of 2.870, for New Norcia is ...

The major components of annual seed deposition in the rain forest at Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, México are seeds of the pioneer tree species Cecropia obtusifolia and those of some species of Ficus. Cecropia obtusifolia Bertol. forms a relatively persistent viable soil seed bank, whereas seeds of Ficus are seldom found in the soil. Both genera require light for seed germination; however, the species...

The effects of air temperature, relative and specific humidity, wind speed, solar shortwave radiation, thermal longwave radiation, and rain on the performance of participants in the annual Stockholm Marathon from 1980 to 2008 were analysed statistically. The objective was to validate and extend previous studies by including data on finishing times of slower male and female runners and on the pe...

This study characterizes the spatial and temporal patterns of aerosol and precipitation composition at six sites across the United States Southwest between 1995 and 2010. Precipitation accumulation occurs mostly during the wintertime (December-February) and during the monsoon season (July-September). Rain and snow pH levels are usually between 5-6, with crustal-derived species playing a major r...

Rain gauge and satellite-retrieved data have been widely used in basin-scale hydrological applications. While rain gauges provide accurate measurements that are generally unevenly distributed in space, satellites offer spatially regular observations and common error prone retrieval. Comparative evaluation of gauge-based and satellite-based data is necessary in hydrological studies, as precipita...

Isotopic analysis of precipitation over the Andaman Island, Bay of Bengal was carried out for the year 2012 and 2013 in order to study the atmospheric controls on rainwater isotopic variations. The oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions are typical of the tropical marine sites but show significant variations depending on the ocean-atmosphere conditions; maximum depletion was observed during ...

Climate change projections for California indicate reduction in the percentage of precipitation that falls as snow, and increase in the percentage that falls as rain, due to warmer temperatures in the future. Previous work has shown overall decreases in rainfall / snowfall ratios for the western US over the last 60 years. Of interest in this study is the quantification of snow/rain ratios for s...

16 17 This study characterizes the spatial and temporal patterns of aerosol and precipitation 18 composition at six sites across the United States Southwest between 1995 and 2010. Precipitation 19 accumulation occurs mostly during the wintertime (December February) and during the 20 monsoon season (July September). Rain and snow pH levels are usually between 5 – 6, with 21 crustal-derived speci...