This photo shows a fi re in a spruce forest in the Innoko National Wildife Refuge. Scientists at SNRAS are studying the effects of fi re on carbon bioavailability in soils, boreal forest soil respiration, climate change, and the ecology of morel mushrooms. Other fi rerelated projects study the vulnerability of human populations to wildfi re, fuel loads in forests, and management methods that be...

Botnet size is often reported as a number of IP addresses, but the link between IP addresses and infected machines is more complicated than a simple one-to-one relationship. To count the number of infected machines when we have only an aggregated view of a botnet, we suggest building a precise probability model of the observable behavior of a single machine, and applying that model to the aggre...

Many diverse endeavors and products ranging from ion channel research, to tissueengineering, to biosensors, to clinical diagnostics, to home pregnancy tests rely heavilyon creating highly localized areas of specific biological activity on a surface. Creating this bio-functionalized surface as part of an integrated microfluidic system thatcan withstand the rigors of further manufactu...

Hydrogen Energy Activities in the IEA Hydrogen Agreement Member Countries Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 European Commission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....

The neutron spectrometer discussed here consists of a windowless PIN diode coupled with a polyethylene converter (thickness 1 mm). Neutrons are detected through the recoil-protons generated in the converter via elastic scattering. The response functions composing the response matrix for unfolding the spectra of energy Ed deposited in silicon by recoil-protons were determined analytically [1]. T...

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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvi CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1 HLA typing and related applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1.1 HLA genes and their function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.1.2 HLA diversity and nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....