The human carpal bones, as in most mammals, are usually eight in number, and develop from a common embryological origin by the eighth week of intrauterine life 1. Failure of separation during this development leads to the phenomenon of carpal coalition. The prevalence of the anomaly is uncertain as it is usually asymptomatic 2. Individual cases have been reported which have presented as unusual...

BACKGROUND Abnormal separation of right coronary artery (RCA) from the left coronary system is an extremely rare variation among coronary artery anomalies. The compressions on the anomalous route of this artery may lead to arrhythmia, chest pain, or left ventricular dysfunction or may enhance formation of atherosclerotic plaques. CASE REPORT Here, we have reported a patient presented with hea...

Problems related to fermions, unitarity and chiral anomaly in high energy electroweak interactions, are investigated. Particular attention is paid to the correct functional integration over fermion fields in the background of instanton-antiinstanton type configurations. This leads to an expansion of correlation functions in terms of a small parameter, ρ/R, when the instanton-antiinstanton separ...

Congenital esophageal stenosis (CES) is a rare anomaly, resulting from incomplete separation of the respiratory tract from the primitive foregut at the 25th day of life. First clinical signs are abnormalities of the swallowing mechanism caused by the intrinsic narrowing of the esophagus. Diagnosis is usually delayed, requiring an accurate history and high level of suspicion, alongside with an e...

Craniopagus twins (CPT) are an uncommon, highly fascinating accident of nature. The clinical pathology of this complex entity is reviewed and placed in perspective. A logical classification aids understanding of the anomaly, and is essential to gauge outcome from separation attempts. 'Partial forms' lack significant shared dural venous sinuses (SDVS) and 'Total forms' with SDVS also exhibit mor...

Synpolydactyly (SPD) is a distal limb anomaly characterized by incomplete digit separation and the presence of supernumerary digits in the syndactylous web. This phenotype has been associated with mutations in the homeodomain or polyalanine tract of the HOXD13 gene. We identified a novel mutation (G11A) in HOXD13 that is located outside the previously known domains and affects the intracellular...

A mass Hierarchy of magnitude O(10) GeV separates the gravitational and electroweak interactions. Traditional proposed resolutions of this anomaly have included supersymmetric theories (most notably, the MSSM and ESSM) and string theory. However, energiers at which s-particles are expected to appear are not accessible to experiment, and string theory is only testable at ∼ Mpl. A novel idea invo...

Abstract The precise astrometric measurements of the Gaia Data Release 2 have opened door to detailed tests predictions white dwarf cooling models. Significant discrepancies between theory and observations been identified, most striking affecting ultramassive dwarfs. Cheng et al. found that a small fraction dwarfs on so-called Q branch must experience an extra delay ∼8 Gyr not predicted by curr...

The theoretical calculations for near-field radiation heat transfer based on a local dielectric constant approach indicate that the heat transfer will go to infinity as the gap becomes very small. To correct this anomaly, it has been proposed that the heat transfer through very small gaps will saturate due to the influence of nonlocal effects on the dielectric constant. Previous experiments usi...