Fingerprinting of external forcing Clear separation of anthropogenic from naturally forced climate changes is a fundamental prerequisite for any successful impact assessment of potential future climate change. The available instrumental record is both too short and contaminated through competing natural and anthropogenic forcings. An expansion of the records over many centuries provides a more ...

We evaluate the impact of anthropogenic and natural NO(x) sources over the contiguous United States on tropospheric NO(x) and O(3) levels by using a global 3D chemical transport model. The effects of major U.S. surface NO(x) emission sources (including anthropogenic, biomass burning, and soil emissions) are compared with that of lightning-produced NO(x). Summer lightning is shown to play a domi...

prut river is very important for sustaining the biodiversity and economical activities in its area for romania, ukraine and republic of moldova. anthropogenic activities are present everywhere especially near a big water flow because they need a close water resource. the major problems remain the impact and a possible risk produced as a negative result in these activities (agriculture close to ...

Consumption of fossil fuel resources leads to global warming and climate change. Apart from the negative impact of greenhouse gases on the climate, the increasing emission of anthropogenic heat from energy consumption also brings significant impacts on urban ecosystems and the surface energy balance. The objective of this work is to develop a new method of estimating the global anthropogenic he...