Article history: Received on: 17/01/2015 Revised on: 22/04/2015 Accepted on: 17/06/2015 Available online: 27/07/2015 The HIV/AIDS pandemic is an increasing global burden with devastating health-related and socioeconomic effects. The widespread use of antiretroviral therapy has dramatically improved life quality and expectancy of infected individuals. But currently available drug regimens and do...

BACKGROUND Injecting drug users (IDU) remain an important population at risk for blood-borne infections such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). In the Netherlands, a program is being implemented to offer annual voluntary screening for these infections to opioid drug users (ODUs) screened in methadone care. At two care sites where the prog...

Objective: Substance use is a gradually increasing public health problem. Viruses such as hepatitis B, C, and HIV can be transmitted with intravenous substance cause significant morbidity mortality. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the HIV, syphilis test results of patients followed at Şanlıurfa Alcohol Drug Addiction Research Treatment Training Center (AMATEM) clinic. Methods: The age, gender, ...

Human immunodeficiency virus infection / acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a disease pertained to the human immune system. Given its crucial role in viral replication, HIV-1 protease (HIV-1 PR) is a prime therapeutic target in AIDS therapy. In this regard, the dynamic aspects of ligand-enzyme interactions may indicate an important role of conformational variability in HIV-1 PR in...

BACKGROUND The combination and use of multiple drugs in the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) predispose to adverse drug events and reactions. This study evaluated the incidence, frequency, and severity of adverse events to first line anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) drugs in patients with TB and co-infections with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to deter...

Introduction HIV infection becomes the present problematic infectious disease worldwide. The pathogenic HIV virus will destroy immune system of the patients and result in several clinical problems. Anti-HIV medication is the standard treatment for the HIV infected patient. An important concern of anti-HIV drugs use is the possible adverse effects (1). The kidney problems due to anti-HIV is wide...

Background and Objectives: Human T-cell lymphotropic viruses (HTLV) type 1 and 2 are retroviruses that share the same routes of transmission as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). As a consequence of epidemiologic similarities, HIV and HTLV-1/2 co-infection is frequent. Due to the limited data, this study assessed the seroprevalence of HTLV-1/2 infections in HIV infected patients in Tehran, Ira...

BACKGROUND This study was carried out to determine the incidence and predictors of anti-tuberculosis drug induced hepatotoxicity among TB/HIV co-infected patients at Jimma University Hospital, Ethiopia. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A nested case-control study was conducted by reviewing charts of all TB/HIV co-infected patients who commenced anti-TB treatment from January 2008 to December 2011 a...

There has been much discussion in recent years devoted to determining the optimal methodology for administering anti-viral medication therapies to fight HIV infection. There are many reasons to seek such an optimal therapy, including the minimization of drug toxicity and monetary cost. However, there is increasing recognition that exposure to many anti-HIV medications produces extremely rapid c...

Persistence of HIV-1 reservoirs within the Central Nervous System (CNS) remains a significant challenge to the efficacy of potent anti-HIV-1 drugs. The primary human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HBMVEC) constitutes the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) which interferes with anti-HIV drug delivery into the CNS. The ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters expressed on HBMVEC can efflux HIV-1 pr...