The natural long-term course of antibody titers in patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis remains uncertain. We measured anti-NMDAR antibodies in a patient with anti-NMDAR encephalitis who had a severe disease course for 5 years. The antibody titers in the first serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were 1:1600 and 1:320, respectively. During gradual re...

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to discuss the pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, and treatment of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis. CASE REPORT The diagnosis and treatment of 2 cases with teratoma-associated anti-NMDAR encephalitis were summarized and the clinical data of patients reported by domestic and international studies were reviewed in this study. The ...

INTRODUCTION Post-infectious encephalitis/encephalopathy is a neurological syndrome that sometimes develops following common viral or bacterial infections. The most common form is acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). ADEM is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that typically presents as a monophasic disorder associated with multifocal neurologic symptoms and encephalit...

BACKGROUND Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is a treatable autoimmune neurologic syndrome that occurs with or without tumor association. However, some severe cases are refractory to systemic immunotherapy. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the utility and safety of intrathecal methotrexate injection for severe patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis who did not respon...

Anti-NMDA receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis has only recently been described as a cause of paraneoplastic and autoimmune encephalitis (Dalmau et al. 2008). Herein we present a 13-year-old girl with NMDAR encephalitis characterized by acute mania at onset, which was initially misdiagnosed as a primary psychiatric disorder. No evidence of a tumor was found. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) was admin...

Autoimmune synaptic encephalitis is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies against synaptic constituent receptors and manifests as neurological and psychiatric disorders. Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is such an autoimmune disorder that predominantly affects young women. It is associated with antibodies against the extracellular region of the NR1 subunit of po...

H.M.H. Braakman, MD V.M.P. Moers-Hornikx, MD B.M.G. Arts, MD, PhD R.M.M. Hupperts, MD, PhD J. Nicolai, MD, PhD CLINICAL PEARLS The clinical picture of antiNMDA receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is highly characteristic; the presence of NMDAR antibodies confirms the diagnosis. With its poor diagnostic criteria, encephalitis lethargica (EL) is a descriptive term for a melting pot of symptoms that lik...

Anti-NMDAR (N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor) encephalitis is an immune-mediated encephalitis. It has been predominantly described in young women and is commonly associated with an ovarian teratoma. We report a case of anti-NMDAR encephalitis associated with a 7 mm ovarian teratoma that was completely resected by laparoscopic surgery. An 18-year-old woman suddenly presented with personality change...