The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and molecular characterization of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes (qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, aac(6')-Ib-cr, and qepA) among ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in Kashan, Iran. A total of 185 K. pneumoniae isolates were tested for quinolone resistance and ESBL-producing using the disk diffusion method and double disk...

An outbreak of Enterobacter cloacae infections with variable susceptibility to fluoroquinolones occurred in the University Medical Center Utrecht in the Netherlands in 2002. Our investigation showed that a qnrA1 gene was present in 78 (94%) of 83 outbreak isolates and that a qnrA1-encoding plasmid transferred to other strains of the same species and other species. The earliest isolate carrying ...

BACKGROUND Flowers of Punica granatum L. (Punicaceae) var. pleniflora, known as "Golnar" in Iranian traditional medicine have been used for the prevention and treatment of foodborne diseases. In this study, antibacterial activities of ethanol extract of Golnar and its fractions were scientifically evaluated against bacteria causing foodborne diseases including Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus ce...

Background Most frequently, empirical antibiotic therapy is immediately administered for patients with febrile neutropenia (FN). In this study, its aim was to assess the antibiotic resistance status and the cost of antibacterial agents in FN patients associated with hematological malignancies. Methods The cost of antibacterial agents used in FN episodes in patients with hematologic neoplasms ...

The alternative use of natural products, like royal jelly (RJ), may be an important tool for the treatment of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. RJ presents a large number of bioactive substances, including antimicrobial compounds. In this study, we carried out the chemical characterization of fresh and lyophilized RJ and investigated their antibacterial effects with the purpos...

Acne is a common skin disease involving colonization with Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), hyperproliferation of the follicular epithelium and inflammatory events. Valrubicin is a second-generation anthracycline, non-toxic upon contact, and available in a topical formulation. Valrubicin's predecessor doxorubicin possesses antibacterial effects and previously we demonstrated that valrubicin i...

Quinolone resistance in clinical isolates of Campylobacter jejuni in Sweden increased more than 20-fold at the beginning of the 1990s. Resistance to 125 microgram of ciprofloxacin per ml in clinical isolates was associated with chromosomal mutations in C. jejuni leading to a Thr-86-Ile substitution in the gyrA product and a Arg-139-Gln substitution in the parC product.

The potential efficacy of an antibacterial depends not only on its spectrum of activity but also on its concentration at the site of infection. The tissue kinetics of telithromycin-the first ketolide antibacterial-are reviewed here. Telithromycin accumulates rapidly in white blood cells, inflammatory fluid, and cells and tissues of the upper and lower respiratory tract, with mean concentrations...