نتایج جستجو برای: antigen presenting cells
تعداد نتایج: 1615635 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
CD8 T cells play a vital role in the immunological protection against intracellular pathogens. Ideally, robust effector responses are induced, which eradicate the pathogen, and durable memory CD8 T cells are also established, which help confer protection against subsequent reinfection. The quality and magnitude of these responses is dictated by multiple factors, including their initial interact...
The migration of antigen-specific T cells to nonlymphoid tissues is thought to be important for the elimination of foreign antigens from the body. Here, we review the evidence that naive CD4(+) T cells are first activated by antigen presentation in secondary lymphoid organs, proliferate, and differentiate into effector cells capable of producing antimicrobial lymphokines. These effector cells t...
CX(3)CR1 expression is associated with the commitment of CSF-1R(+) myeloid precursors to the macrophage/dendritic cell (DC) lineage. However, the relationship of the CSF-1R(+) CX(3)CR1(+) macrophage/DC precursor (MDP) with other DC precursors and the role of CX(3)CR1 in macrophage and DC development remain unclear. We show that MDPs give rise to conventional DCs (cDCs), plasmacytoid DCs (PDCs),...
The Gram-negative bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a potent inflammatory mediator and a leading cause of bacterial sepsis. While LPS is known to activate antigen-presenting cells, here we find that LPS down-regulates expression of CD11c and CD11b on splenic dendritic cell subsets, thus confounding the ability to identify these subsets following treatment. This has implications wi...
The skin is a promising location for vaccination with its abundant population of antigen capturing and presenting cells. The development of new techniques, such as the use of microneedles, can facilitate the delivery of vaccines into the skin. In recent years, many different types of microneedle arrays have been designed. However, their geometry and arrangement within an array may be optimized ...
B7-1 and B7-2 are homologous costimulatory ligands expressed on the surfaces of antigen-presenting cells. Their interactions with CD28/CTLA-4 receptors expressed on T cell surfaces are crucial for the proper regulation of T cell activity. B7-1 and B7-2 display distinct roles in immune regulation, although they are usually considered to have redundant functions. Here, we report the crystal struc...
Vaccination against intracellular pathogens requires generation of a pool of memory T cells able to respond upon infection and mediate either killing of the infected cell or induce killing mechanisms in the infected cell. T cell-inducing vaccines must aim to target the antigen to antigen-presenting cells (APCs) so that it can be presented on MHC molecules on the cell surface. Methods to do this...
Dendritic cells are specialized antigen-presenting cells, critical for initiating and regulating immune responses. Two new studies demonstrate the importance of coordinated cytoskeletal regulation for their normal function.
Activated T cells form stable immunological synapses with antigen-presenting cells whereas naïve T cells initially engage in more transient interactions. Sims et al. (2007) demonstrate that these transient interactions are due to the kinase PKCtheta, which serves to destabilize the synapse thereby permitting T cells to migrate elsewhere. They also show that re-establishment of a synapse involve...
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