Purpose There are three classes of HIV-1 based on diversity of the viral envelope: M (major), O (outlying) and N (new). The M group is subclassified into nine major subtypes including A—D, F—H, J and K, as well as several recombinant forms. There is a growing need to evaluate antiretroviral (ARV) treatment in these diverse subtypes. Methods M06-802 was an open-label, global, 48-week phase III t...

BACKGROUND Antiretroviral treatment (ART) has been effective in reducing HIV/AIDS related morbidity and mortality. However, the use and uptake of ART has resulted in adverse reactions, due mainly to the medicine's toxicity and interactions with other medicines. The timing of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) among these patients is a critical public health issue for antiretroviral (ARV) treatment a...

OBJECTIVE To determine the genetic diversity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease sequences and the presence of mutations linked to antiretroviral (ARV) resistance in treatment-naive, HIV-1-infected individuals living in Mali. METHODS Ninety-eight samples from ARV drug-naive, HIV-1-infected patients were collected in one clinical centre in Bamako, Mali in 2005. RT and protease gen...

There is an understanding that greater availability of HIV treatment for the 40.3 million people currently infected with HIV is a humanitarian imperative that could prolong the lives of millions, restore economic productivity, and stabilise societies in some of the world's hardest-hit regions. The Nigerian government recognises that the country has the third highest burden of infection, with pe...

OBJECTIVE Prescribing, adherence, and adverse drug events to HAART in a large antiretroviral programme in Lagos was evaluated. DESIGN A retrospective 5 year open cohort study. SETTING The AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria (APIN) clinic at LUTH is one of the United States Presidential Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEP-FAR) funded centers for HIV relief program in Nigeria Participants T...

Background In Indonesia issues of late deliveries and expiry of antiretroviral (ARV) medicines are significant. Indonesia with 7 main islands and 14.000 islands has a number of distribution difficulties. In addition there is a lack of appropriately qualified personnel handling ARV logistics. Seeing this situation the Indonesia AIDS Coalition (IAC) sought to initiate ARV monitoring through socia...

The introduction of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) as standard of care has changed the natural history of HIV infection into a manageable chronic disease requiring long-term Antiretroviral (ARV) Treatment. However, despite of the long-time experience and the vast drug armamentarium available for HIV infection, variability in efficacy and toxicity remains as an important limitation...

BACKGROUND The use of antiretroviral drugs (ARV) to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) promises to be effective. However, limited data on the adverse effects of ARV among pregnant women and pregnancy outcomes have been reported in clinical practice. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess adverse effects and outcomes among pregnant HIV-infected women receiving antiretroviral drugs...

BACKGROUND Vertical human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission is a public health problem in Burkina Faso. The main objective of this study on the prevention of mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission was to determine the residual risk of HIV transmission in infants born to mothers receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Moreover, we detect HIV antiretroviral (ARV) drug resistan...

The emergence of resistance to antiretroviral drugs is a major obstacle to the successful treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected patients. In this work, we correlate clinical and virological trends such as viral load (VL) and CD4 counts to genotypic and phenotypic antiretroviral (ARV) resistance profiles of HIV-1 isolates from the B and non-B subtypes found in vertica...