objective: the use of antiretroviral drugs has proven remarkably effective in controlling the progression of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) disease, but these benefits can be compromised by the development of drug resistance. this study aims to assess the drug resistance profile of the pr gene in highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart)-treated and naïve hiv-1 infected patients. metho...

abstract background: the introduction of antiretroviral therapy has caused a remarkable decrease in the occurrence of diseases and mortality among hiv‑positive patients, while this success has not been achieved among injection addicts due to a low adherence to antiretroviral medicine. this study aims at clarifying the important factors affecting adherence to treatment in addicts suffering from ...

Background: Given to the abundant incidence of malnutrition in HIV+ patients and its effect on progress of AIDS disease, several studies have recommended supplementation therapy (such as Selenium, Levamisole, Zinc). Methods: This clinical trial was prefunded on patient's with HIV + in Behavior Diseases Consulting Center, Kermanshah, Iran 2006-2007. One hundred-seventy eight out of all patients ...

Background and Aims: This cross-sectional study examined the nutritional status, serum proteins, and some trace elements in human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) drug-naive patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy. Material and Methods: Twenty-five drug-naive subjects, 25 subjects on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and 20 control subjects aged 21 to 65 years were convenie...

As in previous years, the 9th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections provided a forum for a stateof-the-art update in antiretroviral therapy. Highlights included the status of new antiretroviral agents from both existing and new drug classes; presentation of trials in antiretroviral-naive and antiretroviral-experienced persons; updates on strategic approaches to therapy, includ...

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) attacks the immune system and can cause acquired syndrome. Thankfully, antiretroviral therapy is highly effective, people infected with HIV live long lives proper adherence to therapy. One of important noninfectious complications development pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). This review will cover epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical characteristics HIV-a...

Data about co-infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), HIV, and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are still scarce. We describe a patient hospitalized for sore throat, fatigue, myalgia with personal history HIV occult HBV infection. His antiretroviral therapy included bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide. The nasopharyngeal swab was positive SARS-CoV-2...

Purpose: HIV infection is associated with a variety of ocular surface diseases. Understanding the difference microbiota between HIV-infected and healthy individuals as well influence antiretroviral therapy will help to investigate pathogenesis these conditions.