Trait anxiety began as a psychodynamic concept, poorly tied to observables, and requiring Freudian defense mechanisms to explain recurrent anxiety episodes. Spielberger's thoughtful efforts improved the concept, but some important limitations remained. Lilienfeld, Turner, and Jacob (1989, 1993, 1996) uncritically accepted Spielberger's work on trait anxiety and asserted that it is the standard ...

Anxiety disorders are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, yet are poorly studied. We examined the prevalence of anxiety disorders in PD, investigated the association between anxiety, and presentation and progression of PD, and studied for the first time the contribution of putative risk factors for anxiety in PD. A case-series of 79 PD patients recruited from neurology out-patient clin...

University students suffer to some levels of study anxiety, such as; have new experiences, environment and situation. Study anxiety is a real phenomenon. Campus environment has universal access to increase study anxiety among students. The prevalence of study anxiety has been acknowledged by students and educators. However, no current research exists to identify the study anxiety sources among ...

this study aimed to determine the prevalence of anxiety among prostate cancer patients, and to ascertain the association between stress status, socio-demographic, medical and surgical illness, current urinary problem and cancer status with general health-related quality of life (hrqol) among these patients.a hospital based, cross sectional study was conducted at surgical clinic, university mala...

medical education & medical profession are among the most challenging and most stressful ones. anxiety and depression represents an escalating public health problem among medical students. the objective of the study was to determine the prevalence & predictors of anxiety and depression among female medical students in king abdulaziz university, jeddah, saudi arabia.a cross-sectional study was c...

background: anxiety is a basic human emotion. however, when taken to extremes it may produce unwarranted results. one of the most threatening events that cause anxiety in students today is testing. this study investigated the relationship between test anxiety and academic performance of midwifery students in islamic azad university, najaf abad branch. methods: in this descriptive-sectional stud...

most people have experienced anxiety in their lives. anxiety is necessary to continue the life but intense anxiety can be reduced person’s efficiency and avoided rational thinking and decision making. the goal of this study was to determine the relationship between levels of anxiety and social adaptation in female students of science and research branch, islamic azad university, tehran, iran. 1...

BACKGROUND Anxiety runs in families. Observational learning of anxious behavior from parents with anxiety disorders plays an important role in the intergenerational transmission of anxiety. We investigated the link between parental anxiety (parental lifetime anxiety disorders and expressed parental anxiety) and toddler fear/avoidance during social referencing (SR) situations. METHOD Toddlers ...

Previous research regarding anxiety and female sexual functioning has yielded conflicting conclusions. This study examined the effect of state/trait anxiety and anxiety sensitivity on sexual responding and the propensity toward sexual inhibition/excitation in women without an anxiety disorder (n = 100, M age = 28.8 years) compared with women with an anxiety disorder (panic disorder or generaliz...

background: test anxiety is one of the major causes of students’ academic failure.  this problem would be more salient for pre-university students as they are highly engaged with university entrance exam. psychotherapy can be supposed as a desired method of reducing test anxiety for students and their parents. the purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive and relaxatio...