T HE apex cardiogram was described in 1878 by Marey.' With the exception of its utilization in the timing of the opening snap of the mitral valve 2 3 and in the identification of the third and fourth heart sounds,4-6 it has been used only infrequently as an aid in timing cardiac phenomena. Technical difficulties in its recording have obstructed its more universal application and, more particula...

T HE apex cardiogram was described in 1878 by Marey.' With the exception of its utilization in the timing of the opening snap of the mitral valve 2 3 and in the identification of the third and fourth heart sounds,4-6 it has been used only infrequently as an aid in timing cardiac phenomena. Technical difficulties in its recording have obstructed its more universal application and, more particula...

Introduction: Dental autotransplantation is an economical and viable alternative for the replacement of teeth with closed apex. The use piezoelectric surgery a beneficial tool considered less invasive technique, ideal dental organs. Objective: To analyze literature on using 3D replicas donor teeth, as well prognosis treatment in immature apex complete apex, extraction tooth tissue regeneration ...

background: management of canal isthmus is considered as an important factor for successful endodontic treatment. accordingly, this study was designed to determine the prevalence, location, and types of isthmus in mesial root canals of extracted mandibular molars in a sample of iranian population. materials and methods: in this cross-sectional descriptive study, 60 extracted molars with two mes...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Visual loss from optic neuropathy and ophthalmoplegia involving multiple cranial nerves are the hallmarks of an orbital apex syndrome. Historically, the terms superior orbital fissure, orbital apex, and cavernous sinus have been used to define the anatomic locations of a disease process. However, the diagnostic evaluation and management is similar for each of these entities. T...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Petrous apex cephaloceles (PACs) are uncommon lesions that are usually incidental but may be symptomatic. We reviewed MR and CT studies in 10 patients with PACs to identify characteristic imaging features that facilitate their diagnosis. METHODS MR and CT studies from 10 patients with PACs were reviewed retrospectively. In each case the PAC was characterized by lesion c...

Simulation modeling is widely used to assess water contamination risk associated with pesticide use and for evaluating effectiveness of agricultural conservation practices. Currently the Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender (APEX) model is being used for this purpose in the USDA Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) Cropland National Assessment. In support of the CEAP modeling ef...

Prior to root canal treatment at least one undistorted radiograph is required to assess canal morphology. The apical extent of instrumentation and the final root filling have a role in treatment success, and are primarily determined radiographically. Electronic apex locators reduce the number of radiographs required and assist where radiographic methods create difficulty. They may also indicate...

Situated lateral and adjacent to clivus. Petrous apex bisected by Internal auditory canal in coronal plane Anteriorly into peritubal area and posteriorly into perilabrynthine area. Anterior to the internal auditory meatus that is wedged between the posterior border of the greater wing of the sphenoid and the basilar part of the occipital bones Its borders and boundaries are marked by major bloo...

     Introduction: Objective: This study aimed to assess the possible variations in root canal anatomy and topography of the apices of first and second maxillary molars. Materials and methods: A total of 67 first and second maxillary permanent molars were collected. Access cavity was prepared and 2% methylene blue was injected. The teeth were demineralized by 5% nitric acid and cleared with met...