The standard cosmological model predicts the existence of a cosmic neutrino background (CνB) with a present density of about nν + nν̄ ≃ 110 cm per flavour, which affects big-bang nucleosynthesis (BBN), cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies, and the evolution of large scale structures (LSS). We report on a precision calculation of the CνB properties including the modification introduced ...

introduction: quality of health services is the rate of achievement to the most desirable resultants of health, so that provided services are effective, efficient, and affordable. thus, quality evaluation can be an important source of information for recognition of problems and favorable plans in provision of treatment services. method: in this cross-sectional study, criteria of quality in hosp...

I review the interpretation of solar and atmospheric neutrino data in terms neutrino oscillations and describe some ways to account for the required neutrino masses and mixing angles from first principles, both within topdown and bottom-up approaches. I also discuss non-oscillation phenomena such as ββ0ν which may probe the absolute scale of neutrino mass, and also reveal its Majorana nature. I...

Information literacy embraces the ability to access useful information, to have the awareness organizing knowledge and information requiring different methods of search and most effective diagnostic information for problem solving and decision-making. Those who lack these abilities are continuously confused in the vast ocean of information. This study investigated designing model of educators’ ...