Background Presence of voids at root canal wall‒apical seal material interface gives rise to the entrapment of toxins and microorganisms, which might have a relationship with post treatment disease. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of different mixing (manual and ultrasonic) and placement (manual and manual in association with indirect ultrasonic) methods of Calcium-enri...

Management of fracture dimmature teeth presents a special challenge to dentists. Apexification, Apexogenosis or Regeneration are the only options for conserving such tooth. Traditional apexification with calcium hydroxide is associated with certain difficulties, like longer treatment time, risk of tooth fracture and incomplete calcification of apical bridge. Treatment outcome of regenerations a...

OBJECTIVE This study used dye leakage assay and scanning electron microscopy to evaluate, respectively, the sealing ability and marginal adaptation of three root-end filling materials used as apical plugs, as well as the possible correlation between these properties. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ninety-eight single-rooted human teeth were prepared to simulate an open apex. The teeth were allocated to...

Intercellular nutrient and signal transduction are essential to sustaining multicellular organisms maximizing thebenefits of multicellularity. It has long been believed that red algal intercellular transport macromolecules is preventedby the protein-rich pit plug within pit-connections, only physical connection between cells. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran recombinant green fluorescence pro...