BACKGROUND Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] is a genetic cardiovascular risk factor that preferentially binds oxidized phospholipids (OxPL) in plasma. There is a lack of therapeutic agents that reduce plasma Lp(a) levels. METHODS AND RESULTS Transgenic mice overexpressing human apolipoprotein B-100 (h-apoB-100 [h-apoB mice]) or h-apoB-100 plus human apo(a) to generate genuine Lp(a) particles [Lp(a) mi...

Sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) is used as an herbal remedy in traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) on serum glycemic status, apolipoprotein (apo) B, apoA-I and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in type 2 diabetic patients. This double blind randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 41 type 2 diabetic volunteers randomly assign...

Apolipoprotein B (apoB) circulates in human plasma as two isoforms, apoB-100 (512 kDa) and apoB-48 (242 kDa). ApoB-48 is generated by a novel RNA editing mechanism which post-transcriptionally modifies apoB mRNA in the intestine by converting cytidine at nucleotide 6666 to uridine. This converts codon 2153 from glutamine (CAA) to a premature stop codon (UAA). To characterize the activity which ...

We review the genetics and pathophysiology of familial hypobetalipoproteinemia (FHBL), a mildly symptomatic genetically heterogeneous autosomal trait. The minority of human FHBL is caused by truncation-specifying mutations of the APOB gene on chromosome 2. In seven families, linkage to chromosome 2 is absent, linkage is instead to chromosome 3 (3p21). In others, linkage is absent to both APOB a...

Familial hypobetalipoproteinemia is caused by mutations in the apolipoprotein (apo) B gene. We identified a 57-year-old woman whose plasma total cholesterol and apoB levels were 2.17 mmol/L and 0.03 g/L, respectively. Separation of plasma lipoproteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the absence of apoB-100 and the presence of a faster-migrating form of apoB...

Human apolipoprotein (apo) B plays an obligatory role in the assembly and secretion of hepatic triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Investigation of the truncated human apoB variants associated with hypobetalipoproteinemia has suggested that both size and secretion of apoB-containing lipoproteins may be reduced by carboxyl-terminal truncation. To examine the role of the carboxyl terminus of apoB in ...

To evaluate factors regulating the concentrations of plasma low density lipoproteins (LDL), apolipoprotein B metabolism was studied in nine Pima Indians (25 +/- 2 yr, 191 +/- 20% ideal wt) with low LDL cholesterol (77 +/- 7 mg/dl) and apoB (60 +/- 4 mg/dl) and in eight age- and weight-matched Caucasians with similar very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) concentrations, but higher LDL (cholesterol...

Apolipoprotein B-100 (ApoB) is the principal component of very low density lipoprotein. Poorly lipidated nascent ApoB is extracted from the Sec61 translocon and degraded by proteasomes. ApoB lipidated in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen is also subjected to proteasomal degradation, but where and how it dislocates to the cytoplasm remain unknown. In the present study, we demonstrate that Apo...

BACKGROUND The apolipoprotein (apo) B/apoA-I ratio represents the balance between apoB-rich atherogenic particles and apoA-I-rich antiatherogenic particles, and this ratio is considered to be a marker of cardiovascular risk. Although many studies have demonstrated the importance of the apoB/apoA-I ratio in predicting the presence or absence of cardiovascular disease, less is known about apoB/ap...

INTRODUCTION Familial hypobetalipoproteinemia (FHBL) is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by abnormally low levels of apolipoprotein-B (apoB) containing lipoproteins. FHBL is caused by APOB, PCSK9 or ANGPTL3 mutations or is associated with loci located in chromosomes 10 and 3p21. However, other genes should be involved. This study describes the kinetic parameters of the apoB containin...