We present a method to find motifs by simultaneously using the overrepresentation property and the evolutionary conservation property of motifs. This method is applicable to divergent species where alignment is unreliable, which overcomes a major limitation of the current methods. The method has been applied to search regulatory motifs in four yeast species based on ChIP-chip data in Saccharomy...

Aquaporins enable the passage of a diverse set of solutes besides water. Many novel aquaporin permeants, such as antimonite and arsenite, silicon, ammonia, and hydrogen peroxide, have been described very recently. By the same token, the number of available aquaporin sequences has rapidly increased. Yet, sequence analyses and structure models cannot reliably predict permeability properties. Even...

In this paper we explore a time-predictable chip-multiprocessor (CMP) system based on single-path programming. To keep the timing constant, even in the case of shared memory access for the CMP cores, the tasks on the cores are synchronized with the time-sliced memory arbitration unit. 1 The Single-Path CMP System The main goal of our approach is to build an architecture that provides a combinat...

Flip-chip (FC) packaging is a key technology for realizing high performance, ultra-miniaturized and high-density circuits in the micro-electronics industry. In this technique the chip and/or the substrate is bumped and the two are bonded via these conductive bumps. Many bumping techniques have been developed and intensively investigated since the introduction of the FC technology in 1960(1) suc...

The present work is a pioneer study specifically addressing the aquaporin transcripts in sugarcane transcriptomes. Representatives of the four aquaporin subfamilies (PIP, TIP, SIP, and NIP), already described for higher plants, were identified. Forty-two distinct aquaporin isoforms were expressed in four HT-SuperSAGE libraries from sugarcane roots of drought-tolerant and -sensitive genotypes, r...

The positive buoyancy of marine fish eggs in sea water, allowed by hydration of the oocyte, is critical for their survival and dispersion in the ocean. We isolated an aquaporin, SaAQP1o, that belongs to a unique subfamily of aquaporin-1-like channels specifically evolved in teleosts and mainly expressed in the ovary. We further show that hormone-induced fish oocyte hydration is a highly control...

Non-invasive imaging of gene expression in live, optically opaque animals is important for multiple applications, including monitoring of genetic circuits and tracking of cell-based therapeutics. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could enable such monitoring with high spatiotemporal resolution. However, existing MRI reporter genes based on metalloproteins or chemical exchange probes are limited ...

Inflammatory bowel diseases are associated with dysregulated electrolyte and water transport and resultant diarrhea. Aquaporins are transmembrane proteins that function as water channels in intestinal epithelial cells. We investigated the effect of the inflammatory cytokine, interferon-γ, which is a major player in inflammatory bowel diseases, on aquaporin-1 expression in a mouse colonic epithe...

INTRODUCTION We aimed to examine the regulation of aquaporin 1 expression in an angiotensinogen transgenic mouse model, focusing on underlying mechanisms. METHODS Male transgenic mice overexpressing rat angiotensinogen in their renal proximal tubular cells (RPTCs) and rat immortalised RPTCs stably transfected with rat angiotensinogen cDNA were used. RESULTS Angiotensinogen-transgenic mice d...

References 1. Chou, C. L, T. Ma, B. Yang, M. A. Knepper, and A. S. Verkman. Fourfold reduction of water permeability in inner medullary collecting duct of aquaporin-4 knockout mice. Am. J. Physiol. 274 (Cell Physiol. 43): C549–C554, 1998. 2. Ma, T., B. Yang, A. Gillespie, E. J. Carlson, C. J. Epstein, and A. S. Verkman. Severely impaired urinary concentrating ability in transgenic mice lacking ...