Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation can have wide-ranging impacts on plants. UV-B exposure can decrease the rate of photosynthesis, alter pigment concentrations, and damage DNA, proteins, and lipids; however, not all species are equally sensitive. Lemna minor and Spirodela polyrhiza, two sympatric aquatic plants, were exposed to 5 or 11 days of artificial UV-B radiation for 6 hours per day, and moni...

Submerged aquatic vegetation or “SAV” includes both flowering and non-flowering plants that grow completely underwater. In the Chesapeake Bay region, the term “SAV” usually refers to various rooted aquatic angiosperms or “underwater grasses” found growing in shallow areas ranging from high salinity to freshwater tidal environments. Approximately 20 species are commonly found throughout Chesapea...

Contamination with 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) is widespread at sites of past munitions manufacture. It is moderately toxic to plants and highly toxic to some animals. Some aquatic plant species have been observed to promote degradation of TNT. The degradative activity is associated with the root systems but products are found in the surrounding medium. We have examined a range of sixteen gener...

A number of molecular ecological studies have revealed complex and unique microbial communities in various terrestrial plant roots; however, little is known about the microbial communities of aquatic plant roots in spite of their potential use for water quality improvement in aquatic environments (e.g. floating treatment wetland system). Here, we report the microbial communities inhabiting the ...

Submerged aquatic vegetation or “SAV” includes both flowering and non-flowering plants that grow completely underwater. In the Chesapeake Bay region, the term “SAV” usually refers to various rooted aquatic angiosperms or “underwater grasses” found growing in shallow areas ranging from high salinity to freshwater tidal environments. Approximately 20 species are commonly found throughout Chesapea...

Uses Background Concentrations Environmental Chemistry General Chemical Properties Mode of Action Fate in Soils and Water Lethal and Sublethal Effects General Terrestrial Plants and Invertebrates Aquatic Organisms Birds Mammals Recommendations Acknowledgments References Tables Number 1 Paraquat concentrations in field collections of selected organisms and nonbiological materials 2 Chemical and ...

The use of the monomolecular film Arosurf@ MSF as a mosquito larvicide was first reported by Ganett and White (1977). Since then, the efficacy of this larvicide on many mosquito species has been demonstrated in a wide variety of aquatic habitats (Levy et al. 1981, 1982; Mulla et al. 1983, Takahashi et al. 1984). Aquatic plants which occur in fresh and salt water habitats are an important source...

We describe the general background and the recent advances in research on underwater photosynthesis of leaf segments, whole communities, and plant dominated aquatic ecosystems and present contemporary methods tailor made to quantify photosynthesis and carbon fixation under water. The majority of studies of aquatic photosynthesis have been carried out with detached leaves or thalli and this sele...

To better understand their fate and toxicity in aquatic environments, we compared the aggregation and dissolution behavior of gum arabic (GA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) coated Ag nanoparticles (NPs) in aquatic microcosms. There were four microcosm types: surface water; water and sediment; water and aquatic plants; or water, sediment, and aquatic plants. Dissolution and aggregation behavior ...