N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are commonly found post-synaptically; they mediate fast excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system. In this study, we provide immunocytochemical data supporting the existence of presynaptic NMDA receptors in GABAergic terminals using polyclonal antisera raised against the C-terminus of the NMDAR1 subunit. At the light microscope level, rich ...

From the perspective of comparative morphology, the distribution of non-monoaminergic neurons in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) was investigated using an immunohistochemical method with specific antibodies to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and aromatic-L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC).TH-immunoreactive (IR) neurons (but not AADC-IR) neurons were observed in the olfactory tubercle, preopti...

Day length regulates the effects of gonadal steroids on gonadotropin secretion and behavior in seasonal breeders. To determine whether this influence of photoperiod results from changes in androgen receptor expression in Siberian hamster brain regions that regulate neuroendocrine function, androgen receptor immunostaining was examined in castrated animals given either no androgen replacement or...

Using in situ hybridization, we analyzed the expression pattern of the Zac1 gene in mouse brain during the embryonic and postnatal development. Zac1 is a new gene that regulates extensive apoptosis and cell cycle arrest through unrelated pathways. At embryonic stages, strong expression was observed in brain areas with active proliferation (ventricular zone and numerous neuroepithelius) and in n...

Using in situ hybridization, we analyzed the expression pattern of the Zac1 gene in mouse brain during the embryonic and postnatal development. Zac1 is a new gene that regulates extensive apoptosis and cell cycle arrest through unrelated pathways. At embryonic stages, strong expression was observed in brain areas with active proliferation (ventricular zone and numerous neuroepithelius) and in n...

Gamma aminobutyric acid and glycine receptors in the nucleus ambiguus mediate 1 tachycardia elicited by chemical stimulation of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus 2 3 Vineet C. Chitravanshi, Kazumi Kawabe and Hreday N. Sapru 4 5 Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange 6 Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA 7 8 9 10 Short title: Arcuate nucleus: heart rate ...

Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) have the ability to express daily torpor and decrease their body temperature to approximately 15 degrees C, providing a significant savings in energy expenditure. Daily torpor in hamsters is cued by winterlike photoperiods and occurs coincident with the annual nadirs in body fat reserves and chronic leptin concentrations. To better understand the neural mec...