iran is one of the most energy-rich countries subsidizing energy carriers, especially in the agricultural sector, to the extent that the resulting growth is at the expense of the environment. this study tries to investigate the potential impacts of energy price reform on the agro-environment, based on the marginal abatement costs (macs) of emissions. firstly, the energy demand function of the a...

[(11)C]TMSX ([7-N-methyl-(11)C]-(E)-8-(3,4,5-trimethoxystyryl)-1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) is a selective adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) radioligand. In the central nervous system (CNS), A2AR are linked to dopamine D2 receptor function in striatum, but they are also important modulators of inflammation. The golden standard for kinetic modeling of brain [(11)C]TMSX positron emission tomography (PET)...

For the absolute quantification of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) by means of H2 15 O positron emission tomography (PET) and kinetic modeling, arterial input function should be determined accurately. Even if arterial blood sampling, as an input function, provides an accurate time-activity curve (TAC), it is invasive and delay from carotid artery to radial artery should be corrected. Since ...

Measurement of the arterial input bolus shape is essential to the quantification of mean transit time and blood flow with dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MRI. Input functions derived from the echoplanar signal intensity within or near arteries are highly nonlinear, yet such input functions are widely used. We employed a physical model for the echoplanar signal intensity from an artery as ...

BACKGROUND Quantification of kinetic parameters of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents normally requires collecting arterial blood samples which is inconvenient for patients and difficult to implement in routine clinical practice. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a population-based input function (POP-IF) reliant on only a few individual discrete samples allows acc...

OBJECTIVE Iodine-123 (123I)-labeled N-isopropyl-4-iodoamphetamine (IMP) has been used as a cerebral blood flow (CBF) tracer for single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). An autoradiographic (ARG) method has been developed for the quantitation of CBF by IMP and SPECT. Two IMPs (IMPA and IMPB) produced by different radiopharmaceutical companies are marketed in Japan. In the present stud...

AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of a standardized arterial input function (SAIF) for positron emission tomography 18F-FDG studies in mice. In particular, we tested whether the same SAIF could be applied to populations of mice whose fasting conditions differed. METHODS The SAIF was first created from a population of fasting mice (n = 11) and validated within t...