PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of the topical steroid, fluorometholone, and the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), nepafenac and ketorolac, on inflammatory cytokine expression of the ocular surface in the botulium toxin B-induced murine dry eye model. METHODS Topical artificial tears (0.5% carboxymethylcellulose sodium), 0.1% fluorometholone, 0.1% nepafenac, and 0.4% ketorolac we...

OBJECTIVES The aim of the study reported here was to assess the efficacy of an artificial tear emulsion for the treatment of dry eye associated with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). METHODS At five clinics, patients completed a 1-week treatment with their habitual topical therapy and then a 4-week treatment with open-label study medication: Systane® Balance Lubricant Eye Drops (Alcon, Alcon...

PURPOSE To evaluate a new method of measuring ocular exposure in the context of a natural blink pattern through analysis of the variables tear film breakup time (TFBUT), interblink interval (IBI), and tear film breakup area (BUA). METHODS The traditional methodology (Forced-Stare [FS]) measures TFBUT and IBI separately. TFBUT is measured under forced-stare conditions by an examiner using a st...

PURPOSE To evaluate the effectiveness of glycerin 1% formulated with the novel and proprietary ophthalmic excipient poly(l-lysine)-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLL-g-PEG) (Eyeon Particle Sciences LLC) in extending tear film break-up time (TFBUT) compared with a market-leading artificial tear formulation of propylene glycol (0.3%) and polyethylene glycol (0.4%) (Systane(®) Lubricant Eye Drops; A...

PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of oral antioxidant supplementation in the treatment of patients with dry eye syndrome (DES). METHODS A prospective, randomized, double-blinded study compared the effects of an antioxidant supplement (containing anthocyanosides, astaxanthin, vitamins A, C, and E, and several herbal extracts, including Cassiae semen and Ophiopogonis japonicus) with placebo on p...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effects of two marketed ocular lubricants on the visual decay in dry eye patients using the Inter-blink interval Visual Acuity Decay (IVAD) test. METHODS This controlled, randomized, double-masked crossover study compared the effects of a polyethylene glycol/propylene glycol-based (PEG/PG) tear and a carboxymethylcellulose sodium ...

Aim—To demonstrate the eYcacy of a petrolatum based calcium ointment applied to the lower lid skin in the management of dry eye. Methods—In a controlled double masked study, the eVects of water free petrolatum ointment containing calcium carbonate (10% w/w) on tear functional factors and ocular surface vital staining in dry eye patients were observed. Petrolatum without calcium carbonate served...

  Tears of the subscapularis tendon have been significantly recognized as a source of shoulder pain and dysfunction in the past decade, thanks to arthroscopic evaluation of the shoulder and biomechanical and anatomical studies of the tendon. Current classification of subscapularis tendon tear is based on insertion site of the tendon. Recently, a classification for non-insertional types of subsc...

PURPOSE To assess the relationship between tear osmolarity and dry eye symptoms in patients with diabetes. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty patients with diabetes were enrolled. Demographic information and past medical history were recorded. Symptoms were assessed using the ocular surface disease index (OSDI). Tear osmolarity of each eye was measured with the TearLab® Osmolarity System. RESULTS T...