This paper proposes an analysis method for Japanese modality. In this purpose, meaning of Japanese modality is classified into four semantic categories and the role of it is formalized into five modality functions. Based on these formalizations, information and constraints to be applied to the modality analysis procedure are specified. Then by combining these investigations with case analysis, ...

A series of simple sentences (containing a single adjective, a noun, and a verb) were presented on a study trial. Presentation frequency of words comprising sentences was varied by presenting either repetitions of intact sentences or by recombining words from sentences for repetition in new sentences. Thus, modifiers (adjectives and verbs) accompanying repetitions of a given noun were either id...

BACKGROUND A crucial question for understanding sentence comprehension is the openness of syntactic and semantic processes for other sources of information. Using event-related potentials in a dual task paradigm, we had previously found that sentence processing takes into consideration task relevant sentence-external semantic but not syntactic information. In that study, internal and external i...

Empirical evidence suggests that perceptual-motor simulations are often constitutively involved in language comprehension. Call this “the simulation view of comprehension”. This article applies the to illuminate much-discussed phenomenon copredication, where a noun permits multiple predications which seem select different senses simultaneously. On proposed account, (in)felicitousness copredicat...

The aim of this paper is to describe a new method for the automatic resolution of lexical ambiguity of verbs in English texts, based on the idea of semantic similarity between nouns using WordNet. 1 An outline of our approach. The method of WSD proposed in this paper is based on knowledge and consists basically of sense-disambiguating of the verb that appear in an English sentence. A simple sen...

This study investigated the effects of combined semantic and syntactic violations in relation to the effects of single semantic and single syntactic violations on language-related event-related brain potential (ERP) effects (N400 and P600/SPS). Syntactic violations consisted of a mismatch in grammatical gender or number features of the definite article and the noun in sentence-internal or sente...

During reading, monolingual readers actively predict upcoming words from sentence context. Here we investigated whether bilingual readers predict sentence final words when they read in their second language. We recorded event-related potentials while English monolinguals (L1 comprehenders) and late Spanish–English bilinguals (L2 comprehenders) read sentences ending in an expected or unexpected ...

A review of the literature on children's use of relative clause constructions reveals many contradictory findings. The suggestion is that some studies fail to take into account the two factors of embeddedness (role of complex noun phrase within the sentence) and focus (role of head noun in the relative clause). The experiment reported here attempted to reconcile the disparate findings and exten...

This study investigates how the parser employs thematic and contextual information in resolving temporary ambiguities during sentence processing. We report results from a sentence-completion task and from a self-paced reading experiment with native speakers of Greek examining two constructions under different referential context conditions: relative clauses (RCs) preceded by complex noun phrase...

Generation of English sentence is realized in the following three steps. First, the generation of kernel sentence by phrase structure rules; second, the application of transformational rules to the kernel sentence; and finally the completion of a sentence by the morphophonemic modifications. At the first stage of generating kernel sentence, the semantics of words are fully utilized. The method ...