In the hippocampus, cell assemblies forming mnemonic representations of space are thought to arise as a result of changes in functional connections of pyramidal cells. We have found that CA1 interneuron circuits are also reconfigured during goal-oriented spatial learning through modification of inputs from pyramidal cells. As learning progressed, new pyramidal assemblies expressed in theta cycl...

Geovisualizers often need to represent data that consists of items related together. Such data sets can be abstracted to a mathematical structure, the graph. A graph contains nodes and edges where the nodes represent the items or concepts of interest, and the edges connect two nodes together according to some associational scheme. Examples of graph data include: network topologies; maps, where ...

On the basis of analyzing the characteristics of content components in the current distance education technology specifications, this paper puts forward an Open Content Object model for the Web-based learning content by extending the Sharable Content Object (SCO) of the Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM) which was established by the Advanced Distributed Learning (ADL) of the Office...

Recent studies with kindling and convulsant drug models of epilepsy suggest that the piriform (primary olfactory) cortex may be particularly susceptible to generation of epileptiform activity. The present study has examined the generation of interictal epileptiform events in the piriform cortex of kindled rats in vivo, taking advantage of special features of this system that facilitate physiolo...

Handling Editor: Matthew Heard Abstract 1. How much a plant is attacked by insect herbivores likely depends on its apparency and ability to produce defensive traits, which may be modified by neighbouring plants and abiotic conditions. Yet, how much the direct and trait-mediated effects of neighbours on herbivory is modified by abiotic factors is still unknown. 2. By using a tree diversity exper...

Conjoint action is possible just in proportion as human beings can rely on each other. There are countries in Europe, of first-rate industrial capabilities, where the most serious impediment to conducting business concerns on a large scale, is the rarity of persons who are supposed fit to be trusted with the receipt and expenditure of large sums of money. John Stuart Mill, Principles of Politic...