D ISCRETE, fixed supravalvular, valvular, and subvalvular forms of aortic stenosis are well recognized clinical entities. In 1957, Brock1 first drew attention to the fact that hypertrophied left ventricular musculature could also lead to obstruction of the left ventrieular outflow tract. He termed this "functional obstruction of the left ventricle" or "acquired aortic subvalvar stenosis." One o...

Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) is a congenital disorder characterized by a triad of cutaneous vascular nevi, soft tissue or bony hypertrophy, and varicose veins or venous malformations involving one or more extremities. An incidence of venous thromboembolism of up to 22% has been reported in this disorder. Also reported is the development of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEP...

Objective(s):  The role of the Apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) in apoptosis and in certain hypertrophic responses has been previously investigated, but its regulation of Endothelin-1 induced cardiac hypertrophy remains unknown. The present study discusses the inhibitory role of ARC against endothelin–induced hypertrophy. Results:In present study Endothelin treated car...

Cardiac Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure Cerebrovascular Transient ischaemic attack (TIA), stroke Peripheral vasculature Absence of one or more major pulses in extremities (except dorsalis pedis) with or without intermittent claudication, presence of carotid bruit Renal GFR <60 ml/min /1.73m2, proteinuria (≥1+), microalbuminuria (2 out of 3 positiv...

Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy is a disorder of ventricular muscle characterized by asymmetrical hypertrophy and unusually rapid ventricular ejection of a normal stroke volume (Goodwin et al., 1960; Braunwald et al., 1964). The presence of a systolic gradient between the left ventricle and the aorta has been taken as evidence of obstruction of the ventricular outflow tract, but recent ...

Echocardiographic study was done on four pediatric patients with coexisting hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (HSS) and fixed left ventricular outflow (LVO) obstruction. One had valvar aortic stenosis, two had discrete subaortic stenosis and one had coarctation of the aorta. Preoperatively, HSS was not suspected in any of these patients because of the classical findings of fixed LVO obstruction. ...

Background Cardiac imaging has been identified as a potential use of hybrid PET-MRI. This new technology allows simultaneous Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and MR scanning to occur. This case study features a 34 year old male with known pulmonary sarcoidosis which was diagnosed in 2006 and initially treated with immunosuppressants. He presented with NYHA functional class 2 symptoms. ECHO sh...

We present 4D images of hypertrophied myocardium in patients with essential hypertension, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with asymmetrical septal hypertrophy, and apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy using helical computed tomography (CT) ( Figures 1 through 4). Previously, we reported on 4D CT-ventriculography, which can assess right and left ventricular morphology and motion.1 In 4D ventriculograp...