Methods: A systematic review of the literature using the MEDLINE database (search dates January 1980 – November 2011) was conducted to identify peerreviewed publications relevant to the diagnosis, evaluation, and follow-up of asymptomatic microhematuria in adults. The review yielded an evidence base of 192 articles after application of inclusion/exclusion criteria. These publications were used ...

Most of cerebral aneurysms (CAs) are incidentally discovered without any neurological symptoms and the risk of rupture of CAs is relatively higher in Japanese population. The goal of treatments for patients with CAs is complete exclusion of the aneurysmal rupture risk for their lives. Since two currently available major treatments, microsurgical clipping and endovascular coiling, have inherent ...

  Objective: Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia (FCOD) is a rare bone lesion that predominantly involves the women’s jaws in middle age. This condition is usually asymptomatic and has a benign course.   Case: This paper presents a rare case of FCOD in a white middle aged woman, which had affected mandible bilaterally and was diagnosed after tooth extraction and treated conservatively.   We believ...

Idiopathic retinal vasculitis, aneurysm, and neuroretinitis (IRVAN) syndrome, pigmented paravenous chorioretinal atrophy (PPCRA) are rare clinical manifestations of unknown etiology. In recent years, with the widespread use multimodal imaging methods in diseases, information about pathogenesis course these diseases has increased. PPCRA is often detected incidentally asymptomatic, whereas IRVAN,...

human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is a ubiquitous virus whose sole host is humans. since hcmv can contagion from person to person through numerous ways, vast populations of humans are infected. hcmv infections can potentially have a range from asymptomatic infection in immuno-competent hosts to life-threatening diseases in organ recipients and patients with aids. the present article reviews the occu...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections result in a spectrum of clinical outcomes, and frequently the infection persists in a latent, clinically asymptomatic state. The within-host bacterial population is likely to be heterogeneous, and it is thought that persistent mycobacteria arise from a small population of viable, but non-replicating (VBNR) cells. These are likely to be antibiotic tolerant a...

The objective of this study was to investigate risk factors for norovirus-associated infectious intestinal disease (IID) and asymptomatic norovirus infection. Individuals with IID and healthy controls were recruited in a community-based study in England (1993-1996). This is the first risk-factor study to use viral load measurements, generated by real-time RT-PCR, to identify cases of norovirus-...

background: free-living amoebae (fla) including acanthamoeba spp. and hartmannella spp. are the causative agents of serious corneal infection especially within contact lens wearers. thus contact lenses and their storage case could be a suitable niche for potentially pathogenic amoebae. the main objective of the present study was to evaluate the contamination of contact lenses to free living amo...

background: plasmodium vivax is the most widespread species of plasmodium in humans and causing about 80 million clinical cases annually. this study was under-taken to detect p. vivax in asymptomatic treated vivax malaria patients to trace la-tent/sub-patent malaria infection. method: the venous blood of all detected cases with p. vivax in bashagard, minab and roodan districts in hormozgan prov...

Evolutionary theory hypothesizes that intermediate virulence maximizes pathogen fitness as a result of a trade-off between virulence and transmission, but empirical evidence remains scarce. We bridge this gap using data from a large and long-standing HIV-1 prospective cohort, in Uganda. We use an epidemiological-evolutionary model parameterised with this data to derive evolutionary predictions ...